Enteric methane

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20 Terms

1
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Rumen functioning

rumen anatomy and digesta content

layers

  • gas

  • fiber mat - vivid fermantion

  • intermated zone - vivid fermantion

    • liquid zone - moderate fermatnion

<p>layers</p><ul><li><p>gas</p></li><li><p>fiber mat - vivid fermantion</p></li><li><p>intermated zone - vivid fermantion</p><ul><li><p>liquid zone - moderate fermatnion</p></li></ul></li></ul>
2
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dutch dairy cow eats on average per day

55 kilo roughage

  • 75% grass

  • 25% corn

5 kg of concentrate

100 liters of water

100 grams of vitamens and minerals

3
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Fate of nutrients in the rumen

can end up as microbes, SCVFA, or feed

<p>can end up as microbes, SCVFA, or feed</p>
4
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methane production - how it works in the rumen

cellulose, strach and sugars

pyruvate

acetate

5
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Enteric fermentation

Digestive process

  • carbohydrates are broken down to VFA under anaerobic conditions

    • CH4 is produced as by-product

6
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In the rumen we find the following

protozoa

bacteria

fung

archeae live fry or in symbiosis with protozoa

7
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methane production - possible interventions

inhbit methanogens direct or indirect via protozoa

alternative H2 sinks like NO3/SO3

Complete inhibition

redirect fermentation to propionate formation by modulation of bacteria

acetate, butyrate, propionate

8
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Nutritional strategies to reduce GHG emissions from ruminats

improve feed efficiencye, roughage quality, concentrates

lipid supplements to diets

feed additives (modify rumen microbiota, defaunation

feed additives (alternative hydrogen sinks)

novel feed sources

9
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methane production - intake and milk production

positive relationship dry matter intake and CH4 production

negative relationsship milk production and CH4 production

<p>positive relationship dry matter intake and CH4 production</p><p>negative relationsship milk production and CH4 production</p>
10
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Effect of plant physiological stage

see picture

<p>see picture</p>
11
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Effect of concentrates

methane production roughage cs concentrate

<p>methane production roughage cs concentrate</p><p></p>
12
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effect of lipid supplementation to diets

pisitive relatonsih

more fat, higher the percentate of reduction CH4

<p>pisitive relatonsih</p><p>more fat, higher the percentate of reduction CH4</p>
13
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Methane production: feed additive

see picture

<p>see picture</p>
14
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feed additivesL nutritional stragegies

an overview

see picture

<p>see picture</p>
15
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seaweed

asparogopsis taxiformis

feeding cows seaweed could reduce their methane emissions by more than 80

effective component is CHBR3 bromoform

16
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3-nop 3-nitrooxypropanol

can save co2a

17
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lternative hydrogen sink nitrate and sulfate

see picture

<p>see picture</p>
18
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role of tannins in relation to methane mitigation

two functional groups

condensed tannins

  • regarded being beneficial

  • prodelphinidinds (PD) and procyanidins (PC)

hydrolysable tannins

  • regardes as being harmful

    • gallotannins and ellagitannins

19
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wheat straw

abundant agricultural by-product with a worldwide prduction of 529 million tons annually

20
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lignin

can only be degraded in the presence of oxygen

bonds between ligning and carbohydrates have to be broken

different methods to unseal the cell walls

only some fungi can degrade lignin