3.9 Compare and contrast the molecular orbital bond model and the valence bond model. What are the similarities? What are the differences?

How are bonds formed in the Valence Bond Model?

Bonds are formed when atomic orbitals from two atoms overlap.

Where are the electrons located in the Valence Bond Model?

Electrons are localized between two atoms in the overlapping orbitals.

How is bond strength determined in the Valence Bond Model?

Bond strength is determined by the extent of orbital overlap.

How are bonds formed in the Molecular Orbital Model?

Bonds are formed when atomic orbitals combine to create molecular orbitals that extend over the entire molecule.

Where are the electrons located in the Molecular Orbital Model?

Electrons are delocalized in molecular orbitals that span the entire molecule.

How is bond strength determined in the Molecular Orbital Model?

Bond strength is determined by the energy difference between bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals.

What is the main similarity between the Valence Bond Model and the Molecular Orbital Model?

Both models describe how bonds form and the role of electrons in the bonding process.

How do both models explain bond formation?

Both models explain that atomic orbitals from different atoms interact to form bonds.

How do the models differ in terms of electron localization?

• Valence Bond Model: Electrons are localized between two atoms.

• Molecular Orbital Model: Electrons are delocalized across the entire molecule.

What determines bond strength in each model?

• Valence Bond Model: Bond strength depends on orbital overlap.

• Molecular Orbital Model: Bond strength depends on the energy difference between bonding and antibonding orbitals.

How are atomic orbitals involved in each model?

• Valence Bond Model: Bonds form by overlap of atomic orbitals.

• Molecular Orbital Model: Bonds form by combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals.