chemistry 2.3

Atoms

Electrons surrounding a nucleus that contains neurons and protons

Aufbau Principle

In the ground state of an atom or ion, electron fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels

Hund's rule

Electron configuration

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Pauli Exclusion principle

Hybridization

The mixing of two or more non equivalent atomic orbitals to form a set of equivalent hybrid orbitals of the same shape and energy

Sigma bond

Head on overlap of two atomic orbital on adjacent atom

Pie bond

A covalent bond formedby sideways overlap of two atomic p orbitals on adjacent atom

Atomic orbital

Region of space around nucleus of atom where an electron is likely to be found

Alkane

Saturated hydrocarbon

Free radical

Neutral, poor electron chemical species with unpaired electron in their structure

Axial positions

6 axial positions perpendicular to the ring and the ring axis of cyclohexane

Equatorial position

6 Equatorial positions are in the rough plane of the ring around the ring equator

Cahn Ingold Prelog rules

Sequence rules that assign priority to the substituent group on double bond carbon

Markovnikov rule

In the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, the H+ adds to the carbon with greater number of hydrogens attached to it and the X adds to the other carbon