BP2 TABLE SUMMARY

Asymptomatic

What is the common symptomatic presentation of Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

Fever, Abdominal pain, Bloody stools

What are key symptoms of symptomatic Amoebiasis?

Hepatic abscess

What pathology, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, indicates worsening prognosis?

Colonic ulcers and liver abscesses characterized by extensive tissue destruction with liquefactive necrosis and little inflammatory infiltrate

What pathology characterizes the destructive nature of Entamoeba histolytica in the colon and liver?

Colon, Liver

What are the primary organs affected by Amoebiasis?

Metronidazole or Tinidazole

What are the treatments for invasive Amoebiasis, noted as safe during pregnancy?

Iodoquinol or Paromomycin

What are the treatments for noninvasive Entamoeba histolytica infections?

Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG)

What virulence factor is used by Trypanosoma brucei (African Trypanosomiasis) for antigenic variation?

Glycolipid-anchored protein covering trypanosomes

What is the chemical description of the Variant surface glycoprotein (VSG)?

Sustained or intermittent fevers, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, cachexia

What are the general systemic symptoms of African Trypanosomiasis?

Chancre

What is the symptom that occurs at the bite site of African Trypanosomiasis?

Progressive brain dysfunction (sleeping sickness)

What severe pathology is caused by African Trypanosomiasis following CNS invasion?

Demyelinating panencephalitis

What specific pathology occurs after CNS invasion by Trypanosoma brucei?

Blood

What is one location where Trypanosoma brucei is found in the body?

Central Nervous System (CNS)

What critical system is invaded by African Trypanosomiasis, leading to sleeping sickness?

Mostly asymptomatic

What is the usual symptomatic status of Ascariasis?

Loeffler syndrome (self-limited eosinophilic pneumonitis with dry cough, dyspnea, fever)

What pulmonary syndrome is caused by Ascariasis?

Abdominal obstruction

What severe complication can result from heavy GI infection of Ascariasis?

Lungs (Pneumonitis)

What organ is affected by Loeffler syndrome in Ascariasis?

Biliary tree

What structure can be infected by Ascaris larvae, leading to acute pancreatitis or cholangitis?

Fever, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, hemolytic anemia

What are the key symptoms of Babesiosis?

Tetrads (Maltese cross)

What characteristic structure is observed in Babesiosis?

Hepatic necrosis, acute renal tubular necrosis, ARDS, erythrophagocytosis, visceral hemorrhages

What are the fatal findings associated with Babesiosis?

Red blood cells (RBCs)

What cells are primarily affected by Babesiosis?

Liver, Kidneys, Lungs

What organs are affected by Babesiosis?

Surface glycoproteins

What virulence factors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease) interact with ligands for cell adhesion and invasion?

Trypomastigotes

What form of Trypanosoma cruzi is associated with the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium?

Progressive cardiac dilation and failure

What cardiac pathology occurs during the acute phase of Chagas Disease?

Dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia

What are the chronic cardiac pathologies associated with Chagas Disease, which are a major cause of sudden death?

Megacolon

What gastrointestinal pathology is associated with chronic Chagas Disease, affecting the myenteric plexi?

Heart (myocardium)

What is the primary organ affected by Chagas Disease, leading to fatal complications?

Profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, leg cramps

What are the key symptoms of Cholera?

Rapid dehydration and shock

What are the severe complications of Cholera?

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

What is the primary organ system affected by Cholera?

Improved water supply and sanitation

What prevention method is recommended for Cholera?

Can be asymptomatic

What is the symptomatic range of COVID-19?

Fever, cough, dyspnea, decreased O2 saturation, muscle ache, headache, GI symptoms, anosmia, loss of taste (ageusia)

What are common symptoms of COVID-19?

Viral pneumonitis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

What are severe pulmonary pathologies associated with COVID-19?

Bilateral ground-glass opacities

What specific finding is associated with COVID-19 on chest imaging?

Lungs

What is the primary organ affected by severe COVID-19?

Supportive care

What is a general management strategy for COVID-19?

Vaccination (2 primary series)

What preventative measure is available for COVID-19?

Masking, physical distancing, hand hygiene

What prevention measures are recommended for COVID-19 spread?

Remdesivir and Tocilizumab

What two medications used for COVID-19 have an unknown safety profile in pregnancy?

Scolex (head with suckers and hooklets)

What is the structure of Taenia solium used for attachment?

Proglottids

What are the flat segments of Taenia solium containing reproductive organs?

Taeniaestatin and Paramyosin

What virulence factors of Taenia solium inhibit complement activation?

Neurocysticercosis

What severe pathology is caused by Taenia solium encystment in the brain?

Convulsions, increased intracranial pressure

What symptoms result from neurocysticercosis?

Brain, Muscles, Skin, Heart

What are common locations for cysts in Cysticercosis?

Large double-stranded DNA genome

What describes the genome of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

Immune evasion functions

What are encoded by the CMV genome?

Gigantism and contain intranuclear basophilic inclusions set off by a clear halo ("owl's eye")

What specific appearance do CMV-infected cells exhibit?

Usually asymptomatic

What is the common symptomatic presentation of maternal/acquired CMV infection?

Mononucleosis-like syndrome (Fever, Pharyngitis, Lymphadenopathy, Polyarthritis)

What syndrome mimics mononucleosis in acquired CMV infection?

Microcephaly, Intracranial calcifications, Chorioretinitis, Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

What are the four classic symptoms associated with fetal/congenital CMV infection?

Jaundice, Hepatosplenomegaly, Thrombocytopenic purpura

What are additional symptoms of congenital CMV infection?

Leukocytes and tissue cells

What is the site of CMV persistence?

Brain (neurons)

What specific cells/organ is affected by CMV, leading to microcephaly and neurologic deficits?

Ganciclovir (IV) or Valganciclovir (oral/IV)

What are the primary antiviral treatments for CMV?

Foscarnet

What antiviral is used specifically for CMV retinitis?

Letermovir

What antiviral is used for CMV prophylaxis in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients?

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)

What mechanism involves cross-reactive antibodies enhancing the uptake of Dengue virus into macrophages?

Fever, headache, macular rash, severe myalgias (breakbone fever)

What are the symptoms of classic Dengue?

Severe dengue (dengue hemorrhagic fever)

What is the severe form of Dengue involving bleeding, organ failure, and plasma leakage?

Liver, Lungs

What organs are affected by severe Dengue?

VP24 and VP35

What two proteins of the Ebola Virus inhibit Type I IFN action?

GP (viral surface protein)

What Ebola protein is found in soluble form and acts as an antibody decoy?

Vascular damage, widespread hemorrhage, shock

What are the critical, severe pathologies caused by Ebola Virus?

Liver (hepatocellular necrosis)

What specific pathology occurs in the liver due to Ebola Virus?

Blood vessels

What structure exhibits prominent damage from Ebola Virus?

Perianal itching (pruritis ani)

What is the key symptomatic feature of Enterobiasis (Pinworm)?

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, rectal prolapse

What symptoms occur in Enterobiasis with a high worm burden?

Small intestine, Cecum, Appendix

What organs are associated with Enterobiasis?

CD155

What receptor does Poliovirus bind to on epithelial cells, lymphocytes, and neurons?

Paralytic poliomyelitis, death

What are the severe outcomes of Poliovirus infection?

Aseptic meningitis, Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), Pleuritis, Pericarditis, Myocarditis

What are key pathologies caused by Coxsackievirus?

CNS (Motor neurons for Poliovirus)

What part of the nervous system is targeted by Poliovirus?

Inactivated SC polio vaccine, Oral polio vaccine

What are the treatments/preventative measures for Poliovirus?

Preterm labor, Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)

What maternal pathologies are caused by Group B Streptococcus (GBS)?

Chorioamnionitis, Bacteriuria, Pyelonephritis, Osteomyelitis, Postpartum mastitis, Puerperal infections

What other maternal pathologies are caused by GBS?

Neonatal Sepsis (Respiratory depression, Poor sucking, Weakness)

What is the severe fetal/neonatal pathology caused by GBS?

GI tract (anus), GU tract (bladder, urethra)

What are the primary source locations for GBS?

Penicillin G (First line), Ampicillin (Alternative)

What are the prophylactic treatments for GBS during the intrapartum period?

Nausea, Vomiting, Headache, Malaise, Jaundice (acute phase), Low-grade fever

What are the acute symptoms of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?

Chronic HBV, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma

What are the late-life fetal/neonatal effects of maternal Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

Liver (Acute or chronic hepatitis)

What organ is affected by all Hepatitis Viruses?

Vaccination (HAV, HBV)

What is the preventative measure available for Hepatitis A and B?

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg)

What specific treatment is used against HBV in newborns?

Antivirals (e.g., Tenofovir)

What class of drugs is used to manage HBV infection?

Herpes encephalitis

What is a severe, often fatal, CNS pathology caused by HSV-1?

Sensory neurons

What is the site of latency for HSV?

Cornea

What ocular structure can be affected by HSV-1, leading to blindness?

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum, "6th Disease")

What is the primary disease associated with HHV-6B?

High fever → raised pink skin rash (trunk area)

What is the typical presentation pattern of Roseola infantum?

Febrile seizures, Encephalopathy, Encephalitis

What CNS pathologies can be caused by HHV-6B?

Post-transplantation acute limbic encephalitis (PALE)

What severe pathology is associated with HHV-6/7 reactivation?

T-lymphocytes

What cells are preferentially infected by HHV-6 and HHV-7?

Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet

What antivirals may be beneficial for HHV-6B encephalitis in immunocompromised patients?

Acute respiratory tract symptoms (Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis, Asthma exacerbations, URTI, AOM)

What are the primary symptoms of Human Bocavirus (HBoV)?