Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy (copy)

The philosophical movement that emphasized reason over tradition during the 18th century is known as __.

Enlightenment

According to Thomas Hobbes in his work Leviathan, a monarch with __ power would best protect life.

absolute

John Locke argued that people are born with a __, which is shaped by their experiences.

tabula rasa

The __ rights include life, liberty, and property, which John Locke believed must be protected by government.

natural

Charles de Montesquieu advocated for the __ of power into three branches of government.

separation

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that people are born good but are corrupted by __.

society

The __ of the Constitution allows Congress to make any legislation deemed necessary and proper to carry out its powers.

necessary and proper clause

Shays' Rebellion exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, highlighting the need for a stronger __ government.

central

The __ Compromise determined that enslaved individuals would be counted as three-fifths of a person for the purpose of representation in the House of Representatives.

Three-Fifths

The system designed to prevent any branch of government from becoming dominant is known as __.

checks and balances

The __ is composed of elected officials from each state and determines the election of the president based on electoral votes.

Electoral College

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual rights are collectively known as the __.

Bill of Rights

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison addressed the dangers of __ and how to protect minority interests.

factions

The principle that government power derives from the consent of the governed is known as __ sovereignty.

popular

The amendment process requires approval from __ of both houses of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of state legislatures.

two-thirds

The __ clause establishes that the Constitution and federal laws take precedence over state laws.

supremacy