HISTOLOGY AND STEM CELLS

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from histology, tissue types, cells, neurons, connective tissue, epithelia, cartilage, bone, and stem cells.

Histology is the study of the microscopic structure of .

cells and tissues

Most cells share a basic structure, but each is specially adapted for its .

role

Mature RBCs do not have a .

nucleus

Cardiac muscles are , branched, involuntary, striated.

uninucleate

The cardiomyocyte is a tubular structure composed of .

myofibrils

Skeletal muscles are , multinucleated, unbranched, voluntary and striated.

multinucleated

Smooth muscles are , involuntary and non-striated.

uninucleate

Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and conducts .

impulses

Glia cells are cells that support neurons and do not conduct nerve impulses.

helper

Schwann cells wrap around the .

axon

Types of neurons by function include sensory neurons, interneurons, and .

motor

Unipolar neurons are actually -unipolar.

pseudo

The major shapes of neurons include multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, and .

anaxonic

Connective tissue proper includes loose (areolar, adipose, and reticular) and dense (dense regular, dense irregular and ).

elastic

Adipose tissue stores .

fat

Reticular tissue is found in bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidney, liver, spleen, and .

Peyer's patches

Elastic connective tissue provides support and returns to shape; it is located in the .

dermis

Fluid connective tissue includes blood (RBCs enucleated, WBCs nucleated and platelets enucleated) and .

lymph

In blood, RBCs are .

enucleated

Bone matrix contains inorganic calcium salts that enable bone to resist .

compression

Cartilage can be up to % water.

80

Glands are made of cells.

epithelial

Exocrine glands release substances via .

ducts

Endocrine glands release hormones that directly enter the .

bloodstream

There are eight different types of epithelia: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, pseudostratified columnar and .

transitional

Functions of epithelia include protection, regulation of exchange, secretion and .

sensation

Lifespan of neurons is .

lifetime

RBC lifespan is days.

120

WBC lifespan is .

over a year

Squamous epithelia in the small intestine have lifespan of .

4 days

Skin epidermis lifespan is .

3 weeks

Bone cell (osteoblast) lifespan is years.

10

Somatic stem cells that can differentiate into a limited number of closely related cell types are called .

multipotent

Oligopotent stem cells can become types of cells.

fewer

Unipotent stem cells can become type of cell.

one

Embryonic stem cells can undergo intrinsically cell division.

asymmetric

Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type, including extraembryonic tissues like the .

placenta

Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into all three germ layers; an example is stem cells.

blastocyst