Basic Tissues in Human Anatomy: Types, Functions, and Repair Mechanisms

What are the main components of tissues?

Cells, intercellular substance, and tissue fluid.

What is the function of intercellular substances?

They hold cells together and provide a medium for passing nutrients and waste materials.

What are the two forms of intercellular substances?

Fibrous and amorphous (without form).

Name the four types of fibrous intercellular substances.

Collagen, reticulum, elastic, and oxylatan.

What is the complex chemical substance found in amorphous intercellular substances?

Mucopolysaccharides.

What is tissue fluid?

Part of blood plasma that can diffuse through capillary walls.

What are the four primary groups of tissues?

Epithelia, connective tissue, muscle, and nerve.

Where is epithelial tissue located?

It covers and lines the body, including skin and mucous membranes.

What are the classifications of epithelial tissue?

Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, simple pseudostratified, stratified squamous, stratified columnar, and stratified transitional.

What is the function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Support, cushion, and act as a filtration barrier.

What is the epithelial renewal rate for junctional epithelium?

4 to 6 days.

What happens during tissue injury?

A clot forms, inflammatory response occurs, and cells migrate to form new epithelial tissue.

What are the types of connective tissue?

Loose, bone, cartilage, bone marrow, lymphoid, and adipose.

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Support, packaging, storage, repair, and defense.

What are the main cells found in connective tissue?

Fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.

What are the three types of fibers found in connective tissue?

Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

What is the difference between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage is found in articular surfaces, while elastic cartilage is found in the external ear and Eustachian tubes.

What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, while osteoclasts break down bone.

What is the composition of bone matrix?

50% mineralized (inorganic) and 50% organic.

What is the role of immunoglobulins in the immune response?

They aid in defense against microbes and activate B-cell lymphocytes.

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (involuntary).

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

It speeds up bodily functions and is involved in the fight or flight response.

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

It slows down bodily functions and is involved in the rest and digest response.

What is the significance of a complete CBC before treatment?

It helps assess the patient's overall health and readiness for treatment.

What is photobiomodulation (PBM)?

A therapeutic technique using light to promote healing.

What is low-level light therapy (LLLT)?

A form of PBM that uses low-level lasers to stimulate tissue repair.