history chapter 10

New Deal Programs

federal relief programs during the Great Depression

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

21st Amendment

Repeal of Prohibition

deficit spending

Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes

John Maynard Keynes

British economist whose theories helped justify New Deal deficit spending
-came up with it/advocated for it

Hugo Black

liberal appointed in the Supreme Court by FDR

American Liberty League

formed by conservative business leaders to oppose the new deal programs

Father Charles Coughlin

A Catholic priest from Michigan who was critical of FDR on his radio show, had anti-semetic ideals

Dr.Francis Townsend

felt new deal didn't help poor and elderly enough, devises a plan to provide monthly benefits for the elderly

Senator Huey Long

Proposed a "Share Our Wealth" program that taxed the rich and gave money to the poor
(Kingfish)

Dortha Lange

photographer who took pictures of migrant workers to draw attention to the bad conditions
"Migrant Mother"

Elanor Roosevelt

First Lady of FDR
Traveled around the country and reported back to FDR

--Very active First Lady

Alfred Landon

govenor from kansas who ran for president against Roosevelt in 1936 election

John Steinbeck

wrote The Grapes of Wrath

about the Okies

Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

Replaced the AAA in which farmers were paid to cut production of soil depleting crops and they were also given reward s for practicing good soil conservation methods

Resettlement Administration

provided loans to small farmers to buy land
-eventually replaced by Security Admin.

Francis Perkins

Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.

Mary McLeod Bethune

United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)

Glass-Steagall Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation

John Collier

Head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal and pushed congress to pass Indian Reorganization Act

Gone with the Wind

a 1939 movie dealing with the life of Southern plantation owners during the Civil War - one of the most popular films of all time

Grant Wood

painted American gothic

parity

equality

Black Cabinet

influential African Americans who advised FDR in racial affairs

Marion Anderson

Black opera singer who was refused the right to sing in Constitution Hall by the DAR, Eleanor Roosevelt had her to perform in front of Lincoln Memorial

Indian Reorganization Act

Government legislation that allowed the Indians a form of self-government and thus willingly shrank the authority of the U.S. government. It provided the Indians direct ownership of their land, credit, a constitution, and a charter in which Indians could manage their own affairs.

New Deal Coalition

created by FDR to help democrats dominate politics in the 30s and 40s

John L. Lewis

He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.

David Dubinsky

Leader of the International Ladies Garment Workers

sitdown strike

work stoppage in which workers refuse to leave a factory

Memorial Day Massacre

Happened on Memorial Day 1937 when striking workers gathered for a picnic and demonstration - they were marching toward plant peacefully and police opened fire - 10 killed

CIO

Congress of Industrial Organizations. proposed by John L. Lewis in 1932. a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

Frank Capra

Mr.Deeds goes to Town
-shed light on the new deal

Orson Welles - The War of the Worlds

Welle's broadcast of his play about alien invasion that was broadcasted via radio on Halloween as entertainment. Millions of people at the time did not realize the broadcast was fiction and went into a panic.

Hindenburg disaster

Passenger airship (hint: blimp) that caught fire and was destroyed; marked abrupt end of airship era

Federal Art Project

branch of the WPA that hired artists to create artworks for public buildings

Federal Theatre Project

Established in 1935 by Congress as part of the Works Progress Administration; goal was to employ theatre artists under the guidelines of the WPA.

Clifford Odets

had a play called "Waiting for lefty" about the labor struggles in 1930s

Woody Guthrie

singer who used music to capture the hardships of america

Federal Writers Project

Federal government project to fund written work and support writers during the Great Depression. It was part of the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal program. It was one of a group of New Deal arts programs known collectively as Federal One.

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

SEC and FDIC

stabilized banking, finance, and reassured to the public that their money was safe

soil conservation

The management of soil to prevent its destruction

Taylor Grazing Act

A United States federal law that regulates grazing on federal public land.

-to prevent dust bowls

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

New Deal program which gave electricity and jobs