Paper 1

Audience

The intended group of readers or viewers for whom a text is created.

Purpose

The reason behind the creation of a text (e.g., to inform, persuade, entertain).

Tone

The writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.

Diction

The choice of words and style of expression in a text.

Syntax

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Imagery

Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, touch, etc.).

Rhetorical Question

A question asked to create effect or make a point, not to elicit an answer.

Ethos

An appeal to credibility or character, often used to persuade.

Pathos

An appeal to emotions, often used to persuade.

Logos

An appeal to logic or reason, often used to persuade.

Hyperbole

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

Metaphor

A figure of speech that directly compares two unrelated things.

Simile

A figure of speech that compares two things using 'like' or 'as.'

Personification

Giving human characteristics to non-human objects or ideas.

Alliteration

The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in nearby words.

Juxtaposition

Placing two contrasting ideas or elements close together for effect.

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality, often humorous or dramatic.

Satire

The use of humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or expose flaws.

Symbolism

The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.

Mood

The emotional atmosphere created by a text.

Register

The level of formality in language, depending on context and audience.

Connotation

The implied or associated meaning of a word, beyond its literal definition.

Denotation

The literal or dictionary definition of a word.

Anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

Parallelism

The use of similar grammatical structures to create rhythm or balance.

Euphemism

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for a harsh or blunt one.

Oxymoron

A figure of speech that combines contradictory terms (e.g., 'bittersweet').

Anecdote

A short, personal story used to illustrate a point.

Colloquialism

Informal language or slang used in everyday conversation.

Imperative

A command or instruction, often used in persuasive texts.

Visual Composition

The arrangement of visual elements (e.g., images, text, layout) in a text.

Typography

The style and appearance of printed text, including font and spacing.

Caricature

Exaggerated representation of a person or feature, often for comic effect.

Allegory

A story, poem, or image with a hidden moral or political meaning.

Ambiguity

A word, phrase, or statement with multiple possible interpretations.

Cliché

An overused phrase or idea that has lost its originality.

Foreshadowing

A hint or clue about what will happen later in the text.

Motif

A recurring element, theme, or idea in a text.

Pun

A play on words that exploits multiple meanings or similar sounds.

Sarcasm

The use of irony to mock or convey contempt.

Stream of Consciousness

A narrative style that portrays thoughts and feelings as they occur.