Unit 1 Vocab

Limited Gov

constitution restricts govs powers

natural rights

right to life, Liberty, and property

can’t be taken away

popular sovereignty

govs right to rule comes from the people

republicanism

govs authority comes from people (vote for representatives)

social contract

ppl allow gov to rule over them to ensure orderly functioning society

participatory democracy

widepsread political participation

pluralist

groups

eliist

wealth unproportional power

bicameral

two house legislture

writ of habeas corpus

right of people detained by gov to know charges against them

checks and balances

branch has powers to say no to each other to prevent one branch from having too much power

faction

group of self-interested people

exclusive powers

pwrs exclusive to nat gov

only nat gov can exercise

concurrent powers

power to state and fed gov in Con

mandates

Terms or goals set by the national government that the states have to meet

A requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds

revenue sharing

fed gov gives tax money to states without strings attached

grants-in-aid

GIA

fed give money to states for public policy

categorical grants

GIA to states with specific use provisions

block grants

GIA where state officials have more authority in disbursement of fed funds

enumerated/expressed powers

explicit;y grantes to nat gov through Con

implied powers

authority of fed gov that goes beyond expressed powers not specifically granted to nat gov but necessary to carry out functions

commerce clause

congress authority to reg interstate busi and com activity

necessary and proper clause

article I section 8

congress has powers to carry out enumerated powers

allows congress the ability to make laws or to act where the constitution doesn't give it authority to act

great compromise

based on V and NJ

bicameral legislature

house of representatives proportional and senete equal

three fifths compromise

slaves count as 3/5 a person toward HOR population count

ex post facto laws

punish for acts that weren’t crimes at the time

bills of attainder

legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

original jurisdiction

authority of court to act as 1st court to hear case (finding facts)

duel federalism

states + nat gov operate ind in own areas of policy

cooperative federalism

states + nat gov together shape public polcy

full faith and credit clause

con clause requires states t recognize public acts, records, and courts from other states

privileges and immunities clause

prevents the state from discriminating from people out of state

supremecy clause

constitution provision declares that the con (and not laws and treaties) are supreme law of the land