WWII, Cold War, India, Africa, Middle East & Iran, Israel/Palestine Lecture Notes

Flashcards for vocabulary and key concepts from lecture notes on WWII, the Cold War, decolonization, and the Middle East.

Major consequence of the Partition of India

Mass migration and sectarian violence.

East Pakistan became

Bangladesh (in 1971).

Reason for East Pakistan’s struggle

Political and economic discrimination by West Pakistan.

Country that supported East Pakistan in its struggle for independence

India.

Region of tension between India and Pakistan

Kashmir.

Why Kashmir is disputed

Both countries claim it; it's Muslim-majority but joined India in 1947.

Long-term effect of Partition of India

Ongoing conflict and division in South Asia.

First sub-Saharan country to gain independence (1957)

Ghana.

Leader of Ghana’s independence

Kwame Nkrumah.

Colonial power over Ghana

Britain.

Goal of FLN in Algeria

Independence from French colonial rule.

What characterized the Algerian War

Guerrilla warfare and brutal repression.

When Algeria gained independence

1962.

Kenya’s independence group

Mau Mau.

First Prime Minister of Kenya

Jomo Kenyatta.

Major cause of conflict in Kenya

Land ownership and colonial oppression.

Colonizer of Kenya

Britain.

Colonizer of Algeria

France.

Reason for 1953 coup in Iran

Oil nationalization and Western interests.

Countries behind 1953 coup in Iran

U.S. and Britain.

Leader restored after the 1953 coup in Iran

Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

Type of government in Iran post-1953

Absolute monarchy with Western backing.

Complaints about Shah’s rule in Iran

Corruption, repression, and Western influence.

Leader of 1979 Iranian Revolution

Ayatollah Khomeini.

Government after 1979 Iranian Revolution

Islamic Republic (theocracy).

What happened to the Shah of Iran after the revolution

He fled Iran and later died in exile.

Why U.S.–Iran relations deteriorated

U.S. support for the Shah and the hostage crisis.

Long-term impact of 1979 Iranian revolution

Rise of political Islam and anti-Western sentiment.

Global event contributing to Ottoman fall

World War I.

Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)

Secret plan by Britain and France to divide Ottoman lands.

Mandate territories given to

Britain and France.

British mandate example

Palestine.

Effect of mandates system

Created borders and tensions in the modern Middle East.

1948 turning point event relating to Israel/Palestine

Creation of Israel.

Organization behind 1947 partition plan for Palestine

United Nations.

Religious similarity between Judaism and Islam

Monotheism.

Religious difference between Judaism and Islam

Views on Jesus and prophets; sacred texts.

Modern Israel political system

Parliamentary democracy.

Palestinian political goal

Establishment of an independent Palestinian state.

Result for Palestinians in 1948

Displacement (Nakba) and refugee crisis.

Sacred city to Judaism, Islam and Christianity

Jerusalem.

Shared experience today (Israelis and Palestinians)

Ongoing conflict and insecurity.

Major obstacle to peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Disputes over land, borders, and sovereignty.

Effect of checkpoints in the West Bank

Restricted movement and economic hardship for Palestinians.

Why Israeli settlements are controversial

Built on occupied land; seen as illegal under international law.

Gaza vs. West Bank situation

Gaza is under Hamas control and blockade; West Bank under partial Israeli control and Palestinian Authority.