Animal Health *in progress*

health

normal physiological state

disease

absence of health, normal functions disturbed

• can lead to morbidity

• can lead to mortality

endemic disease

always present within a certain population

epidemic

increase in number of cases, outbreak

pandemic

uncontrolled epidemic

infection

organism enters your body and causes disease

non-infectious disease

not transmitted between animals (genetic, environmental)

contagious disease

easily transmitted between animals

non-contagious disease

poorly transmitted

clinical disease

signs of disease readily apparent

subclinical disease

no overt signs of disease

acute disease

sudden onset of clinical signs, short duration

chronic disease

signs develop slowly, last for a long time

zoonotic diseases

passed from animals to humans and vice versa

signs of disease

appetite loss, listlessness, depression, droopy ears, head held low, arched back, isolation, coughing, wheezing, labored breathing, stiff labored movement, loose stools

pathogenic disease

caused by an infectious organism

pathogenicity

ability of an organism to cause disease

virulence

severity of disease and the ability to overcome that host’s immune system

bacteria

small, single celled prokaryote

• no nucleus, membrane bound organelles

can be found everywhere

classified by shape, structures, cell wall

not all are bad

treated with antibiotics

viruses

not cells

contain genetic material, protein coat

can only replicate within the host

• lytic cycle

• lysogenic cycle

cannot be controlled with antibiotics

fungi

small eukaryotes

spread through dispersion of spores

can be beneficial

can be confined to a body surface, or be systematic

can infect plants, animals, humans, even parasites

treatment; antifungal drugs

parasites

one organism benefits by harming the host

affect all living species

ecto- or endo- parasites