Bio D170 Lecture 1: Orientation to the Human Body

Tissue

Collection of different types of cells

Organ

Collection of different types of tissues (at least 2 or more)

Organ System

Collection of different organs with a similar function (e.g. cardiovascular)

Anatomical Position

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body

Axial Region

head, neck, and trunk

Appendicular Region

upper and lower limbs

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Ipsilateral

On the same side of the body

Contralateral

On the opposite side of the body

Anterior (ventral)

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Superficial (external)

Toward or at the body surface

Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface; more internal

Frontal (coronal) plane

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Cross section

The intersection of a three-dimensional figure (e.g. a human body part) and a plane

Sagittal plane

Median (midsagittal) plane

Parasagittal plane

Oblique section

Dorsal body cavity

Ventral Body Cavity

Viscera

Organs in the ventral cavity (e.g. liver, spleen, digestive organs)

Thoracic Cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity

Includes Mediastinum, Pleural, Pericardial cavities

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity

Includes Abdominal, Pelvic, Peritoneal Cavities

Pleural Cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity and Thoracic Cavity

Includes lungs

Mediastinum

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity and Thoracic Cavity

Includes Heart and Pericardial cavity

Pericardial Cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity and Thoracic Cavity

Includes heart

Abdominal Cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity

Includes RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, which contain digestive organs. Extends from xiphoid process to waistline

Pelvic cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity

Includes genital area, contains reproductive organs

Peritoneal cavity

Subdivision of Ventral Cavity

Lateral view of abdomen from lung to rectum

Serous membrane (serosa)

Part exposed to interstitium: Parietal serosa

Part exposed to viscera:

Visceral serosa

Air/Body of membrane:

Serous cavity