set 4 - ph scale and buffer (unit 1)

pH

a measure of h30- / h+

disasociation of water

rare - 2 out of 550 water molecule

h2o + h2o ---> h3o+ + OH-

ph of water

7

ph scale

increasing acid means (in terms of ions)

more h3o + / h+ ions

decreasing acid means (in terms of ions)

less h3o + / h+ ions

acid

any substance that increase in hydronium

HCl + H2o --> H3O+ + cl-

base

any substance that decrease in hydronium

NH3 +H2o --> NH4 + OH-

ph of blood

7.2 = dead = acidosis

7.4 = perfect

7.8 = dead = alkalosis

effects of alkalosis

- overstimulation of nervous system
- muscle spasm
- contraction

effects of acidosis

- depression on nervous system
- fainintg
- weakness
- coma

ph can be described by

- respiratory problem
- not eating
- heavy exercise
- uncontrolled diabetes
- excess consumption of carbonic drinks
- malfunction of kidneys
- vomitting
- hyper ventilation

buffer
and how does it work

a substance that resists a change in Ph

by adding h + when needed
by accepting h+ when in aexcess

carbonate/ bicarbonate buffer

CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> H+ + HCO3-


carbondioxide + water <--> carbonic acid <--> hydrogen ions + bicarbonation/ hydrogen carbonate

buffers in the human body

- kidneys and lungs are 2 organs that play an important role in Ph regulation
- protein act as a buffer and help to maintian the proper ph in blood and cells