SNC 1W1 Exam Review Vocabulary

Flashcards for SNC 1W1 Exam Review - Chemistry (The Nature of Matter)

Pure substance

One kind of matter. Always the same stuff.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are physically combined.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved into another.

Mechanical mixture

A heterogeneous mixture where different components are visible.

Alloy

A mixture of two or more metals.

Physical property

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition.

Qualitative property

A property that can be described but not measured.

Quantitative property

A property that can be measured and assigned a numerical value.

Physical change

A change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not change its chemical composition.

Chemical property

A property that describes how a substance reacts with other substances.

Chemical change

A change that results in the formation of a new substance with different properties.

Density

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Compound

A pure substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Habitat

The region in which an organism lives.

Atmosphere

The layer of gases surrounding the Earth.

Lithosphere

The Earth's solid outer layer, including the crust and upper mantle.

Hydrosphere

All the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and groundwater.

Biosphere

The part of Earth where life exists, including all living organisms and their environments.

Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Population

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.

Community

All the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area.

Ecosystem

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Biome

A large geographic area characterized by specific climate conditions, animal populations, and plant species.

Abiotic factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, sunlight, and water.

Biotic factors

Living components of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Producer

An organism that produces its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

Consumer

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.

Niche

The role of an organism in its ecosystem, including its habitat, food sources, and interactions with other species.

Herbivore

An organism that eats only plants.

Omnivore

An organism that eats both plants and animals.

Carnivore

An organism that eats only animals.

Scavenger

An organism that feeds on dead or decaying organisms.

Trophic level

The position an organism occupies in a food chain.

Carrying capacity

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain given available resources.

Succession

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Star

A celestial body that produces its own light and heat through nuclear fusion.

Planet

A celestial body that orbits a star and does not produce its own light.

Satellite

An object that orbits a planet.

Galaxy

A large collection of stars, gas, and dust bound together by gravity.

Astronomy

The study of celestial objects and phenomena.

Dwarf planet

A celestial body that orbits the sun, is nearly round, and has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.

Asteroid

A rocky or metallic object that orbits the Sun, mainly found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

Meteoroid

A small rock or particle in space.

Comet

A celestial body composed of ice, dust, and gas that develops a visible atmosphere when it approaches the Sun.

Solar eclipse

An event that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking the Sun's light.

Lunar eclipse

An event that occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.

Constellation

A group of stars that form a recognizable pattern in the night sky.

Electric charge

The electrical charge carried by electrons or protons.

Static electricity

The accumulation of excess electric charge on an object.

Induced charge separation

The displacement of electrons within a neutral object due to the presence of a charged object nearby.

Charging by friction

The transfer of electrons between two objects when they are rubbed together.

Grounding

The process of removing excess charge from an object by connecting it to the Earth.

Conductor

A material that allows electric charge to flow easily.

Fair conductor

A material that allows some electric charge to flow, but not as easily as a good conductor.

Insulator

A material that does not allow electric charge to flow easily.

Electrical energy

The energy associated with the movement of electric charge.

Current electricity

The continuous flow of electric charge through a circuit.

Potential difference

The difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit.

Resistance

The opposition to the flow of electric charge in a circuit.