Unit 3 feb 2

studied byStudied by 3 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Neuron

1 / 70

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

71 Terms

1

Neuron

a nerve cell that is specialized to send and receive electrical impulses

New cards
2

Axon

the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

New cards
3

axon terminal

The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored

New cards
4

Dendrites

a neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

New cards
5

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

New cards
6

Soma (Cell Body)

contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

New cards
7

Myelin Sheath

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses by providing electrical insulation

New cards
8

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath

New cards
9

neuroglial cells

provide physical support, insulation, and nutrients for neurons

New cards
10

Sodium Leak Channels

allow a very small amount of sodium to leak into the cell

New cards
11

Sodium Gated Channels

open when a local region is depolarized and have an inactivation gate- this limits the flux of sodium ions by blocking the channel shortly after depolarization opens it: when there is repolarization the inactivation gate is released back out of the pore and the channel can return to the closed state

New cards
12

Potassium Leak Channels

allow a small amount of potassium to leak out of the cell

New cards
13

Potassium Gated Channels

open when a local region is depolarized and have an inactivation gate- this limits the flux of potassium ions by blocking the channel shortly after depolarization opens it: when there is repolarization the inactivation gate is released back out of the pore and the channel can return to the closed state the closing of these channels returns the membrane back to its resting value and initiates a negative feedback loop

New cards
14

action potential (AP)

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

New cards
15

Central Nervous System (CNS)

consists of the brain and spinal cord (no extensions)

New cards
16

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

New cards
17

Spinal Nerve Cord

carries nerve signals from the body to the brain and back Except for reflex arcs

New cards
18

simple reflex arc

contains only sensory and motor neurons Signals don't get carried to the brain

New cards
19

2 neuron arc

Simplest- sensory and motor neurons only

New cards
20

3 neuron arc

sensory, interneurons, motor neurons

New cards
21

Mechanoreceptors

detect and respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch Mainly involved in touch

New cards
22

Thermoreceptors

detect respond to changes in temperature Mainly involved in touch

New cards
23

Pain Receptors

Detect and respond to tissue damage Mainly involved in touch

New cards
24

Chemoreceptors

detect and respond to chemicals or chemical changes mainly involved in tasted and smell

New cards
25

Photoreceptors

detect and respond to light Mainly involved in vision

New cards
26

cutaneous sensations

Temperature, touch, pressure and pain Not equally distributed higher quantities in the finger pads the sense of touch

New cards
27

Skin

Sensory organ of touch largest organ of the body

New cards
28

Outer ear

includes the pinna and the auditory canal

New cards
29

Pinna

the visible part of the outer ear

New cards
30

Auditory Canal (Ear Canal)

short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum

New cards
31

middle ear (tympanic cavity)

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

New cards
32

typanic membrane (eardrum)

piece of skin that's stretched tight vibrates the ossicles (bones) in the tympanic cavity

New cards
33

auditory ossicles

3 tiny bones of the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes

New cards
34

Eustachian tube

A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum

New cards
35

inner ear

the innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule

New cards
36

cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid stimulate the Corti

New cards
37

Corti

Sensory organ of hearing found within the cochlea After being stimulated sends AP through the cochlear nerve to the auditory cortex in the brain

New cards
38

vestibule of ear

The portion of the inner ear that senses the position of the head. Its sensory epithelium that uses hair cells to detect movement Aids in maintaining balance

New cards
39

semicircular canals

three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement Aids in maintaining balance

New cards
40

Gustration

sense of taste

New cards
41

papillae

Bumps on the tongue that contain taste buds, the sensory receptors for taste.

New cards
42

gustatory epithelial cells

Receptor cells for taste send the AP that signal to the gustatory cortex of the brain to release digestive enzymes to break down food for energy

New cards
43

basal epithelial cells

stem cells that make new gustatory epithelial cells

New cards
44

Olfactory

Sense of smell

New cards
45

Accommodation

When olfactory receptors contact a substance continually, they become insensitive to the smell

New cards
46

olfactory epithelium

molecules bind to its receptors sending AP down the olfactory nerve into the ethmoid bone and eventually to the olfactory bulb in the brain From here it travels down to the olfactory cortex and gets sent to the frontal lobe to be identified and to the emotional pathway in our limbic system

New cards
47

Vision

dominant sense of human beings

New cards
48

eyes

sensory organs of vision use photoreceptors to convert light energy into AP that travel to the visual cortex in brain

New cards
49

Light Energy

electromagnetic waves

New cards
50

Eyebrows

Located superior to the eye, they partially shade the eyes, and protect them from sweat.

New cards
51

eyelids and eyelashes

trigger reflexive blinking to keep eyes moist

New cards
52

lacrimal apparatus

consists of the lacrimal gland and a number of ducts that secrete and drain tears

New cards
53

extrinsic eye muscles

Six muscles attach to the outer surface of the eye and produce eye movements

New cards
54

fibrous layer of eye

consists of sclera and cornea

New cards
55

Sclera

white of the eye anchoring site for the extrinsic eye muscles

New cards
56

Cornea

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye and allows light through

New cards
57

vascular layer of eye

Includes the choroid, the pupil, and the intrinsic eye muscles: the ciliary body and the iris

New cards
58

choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye that supplies all layers with blood and nutrients

New cards
59

ciliary body

ring of muscle tissue around the lens

New cards
60

Iris

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

New cards
61

pupil

Black in the center of the eye The opening through which light enters the eye Low light- wide open High light- nearly closed

New cards
62

inner layer of eye

retina and optic nerve

New cards
63

rods and cones

two types of photoreceptors in the retina that convert light energy into AP that travel through the optic nerve to the thalamus and then the visual cortex of the brain

New cards
64

Retina

Light sensitive inner most layer of the eye; contains rods and cones

New cards
65

Rods

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray

New cards
66

Cones

retinal receptor cells that detect fine detail and color

New cards
67

far-sightedness

eyeball is too short

New cards
68

near sightedness

eyeball is too long

New cards
69

Aqueous Humor

fluid in the eye, found between the cornea and the pupil

New cards
70

Vitreous Humor

the transparent jellylike tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens.

New cards
71

Endocrine System

Consists of glands that control many of the body's activities by producing hormones.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 54 people
... ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 81 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36 people
... ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 21676 people
... ago
4.7(21)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 159 people
... ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (53)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (43)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (28)
studied byStudied by 15 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (71)
studied byStudied by 4 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (76)
studied byStudied by 3 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (21)
studied byStudied by 7 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (36)
studied byStudied by 126 people
... ago
5.0(3)
robot