science final in may 30 part one

force/motion, periodic table, balancing equations, non/contact forces

what are the stages in the scientific method

problem, collect information, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion

dependent variable

what ever is being measured

independent variable

what factor caused the dependent variable to change

control group

the group that doesn't change

constants

the things that stayed constant through the whole experiment

data analysis

does the data support/reject the hypothesis

hypothesis

an if then statement that says If the independent/ dependent variable changes at all

chemical bond

atoms share electrons

ionic bond

atoms are transferred to another atom

atom

smallest part of an element

element

a substance made of only one kind of atom

compound

two or more different atoms joined together

molecule

two or more atoms joined together

valence electrons

the atoms on the outermost shell.Also helps element bond with other element

periods

represent how many electrons are on the shells or in orbit

groups

represent the qualities that are shared between elements

how many electrons does the first shell hold

2

how many electrons are on the second shell

8

how many electrons are on the third shell

8

metals

Good conductors high luster

solid at room temp, ductile, malleable

Nonmentals

poor conductors, brittle

Metal loids

doesnt act like a metal nor nonmetal

atom

the smallest part of an element

element

substance made of only one kind of atom

compound

two or more atoms chemically joined together

isotope

different amount of neutrons compared to protons and electrons

ion

atom with a charge

cation

atom with a positive charge

anion

negative charge

octet rule

easier to give up 3 or less than it is to up 4 or more

atomic number identifies…

the number of electrons

octet rule

atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a complete electron shell. It is easier to lose 3 or less than it is to gain 4 or more

atoms with no charge

neutral atoms

ionic compound

made up of cations and anions held together by electrostatic forces

electronegativity

the ability of an atom to attract electrons when in a compound

ionic bond

metal and non metal

covalent bond

nonmetal and non-metal

metallic bond

metal and metal

combustion

an element gives of CO2 and water

synthesis reaction

when two or more simple compound elements join together

decomposition

when complex molecule breaks down

single displacement

when one element is switched for another

double displacement

when two elements switch places with each other

what is the order of a chemical equation

reactants, products

what is the prefix for the end of a compound name

ide

what is the name for a compound name if there is an oxygen

ate

number prefixes

mono 1 , di 2, tri 3, tetra 4, penta 5, hexa 6, hepta 7, octa 8, nona 9, deca 10

exothermic

release energy (heat, fire, fizz)

endothermic

absorb energy (drop in temp)

motion

is the change of position of an object

distance

is the amount of space/length between 2 objects

apparent motion

when things appear to be moving but are not changing position

speed

how fast an objects position changes with time

velocity

the speed and direction of an object

acceleration

is a change in velocity over time

force

push or pull on an object, is a vector