3. Transcription + translation

DNA

is the template from which the body synthesises proteins

DNA is made of a combination of 4 nucleotides

• Adenine + Thymine

• Guanine + Cytosine

DNA is transscribed into messenger RNA (mRNA)

which is translated into protein

mRNA

contains URACIL instead of Thymine

proteins are coded by 

genes located in chromosomes

exons directly code for proteins structures with nucleotide triplets

resulting in a particular amino acid

exons are linked by introns

genes are flanked by regulatory sequences

transcription always occurs from

5’ end to 3’ end

Transcription

• RNA polymerase binds to promoter to read across DNA, each triplet in each exon and form mRNA

• at 3’ end RNA polymerase releases newly formed mRNA

transcription

encoding your DNA into shortened mRNA produces that only replicates the exons sequence in the body

translation

• Ribosomes have 3 different sections called EPA

• ribosomes move along introducing transcriptional RNA, tRNA, which binds to the sequence to complimentary sequence