Hematology Test 2 practice

The laboratory base definition of anemia is a reduced concentration of _____ compared to a reference value.

A. hemoglobin

B. leukocytes

C. packed erythrocytes

D. either A or C

D. either A or C

Functional anemia…

A. results in hypoxia

B. is a decrease in ability of RBCs to carry oxygen

C. has inadequate stored body iron

D. both A and B

D. both A and B

The steady-state total erythrocytes mass is…

A. a balance between new and old erythrocytes

B. the reference value for leukocytes in peripheral blood

C. homeostasis of erythrocytes

D. both A and C

D. both A and C

If the survival time of an erythrocyte is decreased,

bone marrow must increase erythropoiesis

The clinical signs and symptoms of anemia can result from…

diminished delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Anemia can be categorized into…

A. hemolytic types

B. blood loss types

C. impaired production types

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following is a significant laboratory finding in anemia?

Decreased hemoglobin

The adult reference range for MCV is…

80 to 96 fL

The adult reference range for MCH is…

27.5 to 33.2 pg

The adult reference range for MCHC is…

33% to 36% (32 to 36 g/dL)

Disorders of the GI system or heavy menstruation can cause…

chronic blood loss

Traumatic conditions can cause…

acute blood loss

Results in an iron deficiency and a hypochromic/microcytic erythrocytes morphology on a peripheral blood smear.

chronic blood loss

Anemia caused by chronic blood loss is characterized by…

hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes

The sudden appearance of aplastic anemia or pure red cell aplasia is often caused by…

an immune process

Aplastic anemia can occur years before a diagnosis of ____ is made.

A. paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

B. myelodysplasia

C. acute myeloid leukemia

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

If a patient with aplastic anemia is referred to as exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected?

A. Erythrocytes

B. Leukocytes

C. Thrombocytes

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A characteristic of Fanconi’s anemia is…

the best-described congenital form of aplastic anemia

A characteristic of familial aplastic anemia is…

a subset of Fanconi’s anemia

Most operational iron is human being is found in…

heme portion of hemoglobin and myoglobin

The etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is…

A. nutritional deficiency

B. faulty iron deficiency

C. excessive loss of iron

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Iron deficiency is still common in…

A. toddlers

B. adolescent girls

C. women of childbearing age

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Decreased iron intake can be result of…

red meat-deficient diet

Faulty iron absorption can result from…

celiac disease

Pathological iron loss can be caused by…

colon cancer

Physiological iron loss can be caused by…

heavy menstruation

Increased iron utilization can be the result of…

adolescent growth spurt

The cytochemical stain that can demonstrate iron, hemosiderin, and ferritin is…

Prussian Blue

Transferrin represents a…

A. storage form of iron

B. beta globulin

B. beta globulin

In stage 3 IDA, the erythrocytic indices are typically…

MCV decreased, MCH decreased, and MCHC decreased

The peripheral blood smear demonstrates ___ red blood cells in Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA).

Microcytic, Hypotonic

The most common cause of nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia is…

alcoholism

Megaloblastic anemias can be caused by…

A. tapeworm infestation

B. gastric resection

C. nutritional deficiency

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Megaloblastic anemia related to folic acid deficiency is associated with…

A. abnormal absorption

B. increased utilization

C. nutritional deficiency

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In megaloblastic anemia, the typical erythrocytic indices are…

MCV increased, MCH increased, and MCHC normal

In a case of classic pernicious anemia, the patient has…

A. leukopenia

B. hyperseqmented neutrophils

C. ovalo-macrocytes

D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The reticulocyte count in a patient with untreated pernicious anemia is characteristically…

<1.0%

In untreated pernicious anemia, peripheral blood smears display…

pancytopenia

In pernicious anemia, serum B12 is…

decreased

In pernicious anemia, folate is…

normal

In pernicious anemia, serum iron is…

increased

Hemolytic disruption of the erythrocyte involves…

an alteration in the erythrocyte membrane

Intravascular hemolysis is…

destruction of RBCs within the circulatory blood

Extravascular hemolysis is…

destruction of RBCs outside the circulatory blood

Which of the following tests is not useful in determining increased erythrocytes destruction?

Total leukocyte count

G6PD deficiency is a disorder with a/n…

erythrocytic enzyme defect

Hereditary spherocytosis is a disorder with a/n…

structural membrane defect

Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is a disorder with an…

erythrocytic enzyme defect

Hereditary spherocytosis is…

the most common prevalent hereditary hemolytic anemia among people of Northern European descent

Hereditary elliptocytosis is…

an overabundance of oval-shaped red cells

Heinz Bodies are associated with the congenital hemolytic anemia…

G6PD deficiency

What is the most common glycoytic enzyme deficiency associated with the aerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

What is the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with the anaerobic pathway of erythrocyte metabolism?

Pyruvate kinase (PK)

What laboratory assay would specifically indicate a deficiency of G6PD enzyme?

Heinz bodies on peripheral blood smears

What enzyme deficiency causes methemoglobinemia?

NADH-methemoglobin reductase

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria episodes are usually associated with…

Sleep

The defect in PNH probably is an (an) associated defect of the red cell membrane…

structural protein

Which of the following is a significant laboratory finding in anemia?

Decreased hemoglobin

Disorders of the gastrointestinal system or heavy menstruation can case…

chronic blood loss

If a patient with aplastic anemia is referred to as exhibiting pancytopenia, which cell lines are affected? 

A. erythrocytes

B. leukocytes

C. Thrombocytes

D. all of these

E. none of these

D. all of these

Fanconi’s anemia is: 

A rare congenital form of red cell aplasia

Inclusions in the cytoplasm of neutrophils as shown in this picture are known as:

Dohle bodies

The neutrophil stage shown in this picture is the most common myeloid cell found in normal adult bone marrow:

Metamyelocyte

Which of the following diseases is most closely associated with cytoplasmic granule fusion as seen in this picture:

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Which of the following diseases is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by these pale blue inclusions and platelet morphology?

May-Hegglin Anomaly

The disease most closely associated with the granulocytic morphology shown here is:

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

The disease most closely associated with mucopolysaccharidosis in the lysosomes as shown here is:

Alder-Reilly Anomaly

Of the following, the disease most closely associated with glucocerebrosidase deficiency and characterized by the cell type shown here is:

Gaucher Disease

This cell would best be identified as:

eosinophil

This cell is typically the largest mature peripheral blood cell:

Monocyte

Which of the following is TRUE regarding these cells?

a. Their granules contain anti-histamine

b. They are identified as eosinophils

c. They fight parasitic infections

d. Their normal peripheral blood range is 0-1%

d. Their normal peripheral blood range is 0-1%

Which of the following is FALSE regarding this cell type:

a. Has azurophilic (primary) granules in the cytoplasm

b. Has secondary (specific) granules in the cytoplasm

c. Is the stage of neutrophil development after the blast stage - identified as promyelocyte

d. May be larger than the blast stage

b. Has secondary (specific) granules in the cytoplasm

What are the six stages of neutrophilic maturation?

Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte, Metamyleocyte, Band, Segmented neutrophil

Which of the following is FALSE about this stage of myeloid development?

a. They may contain Auer rods in the cytoplasm

b. They typically have no nucleoli present in the nucleus

c. They have a delicate chromatin pattern

d. They are classified as myeloblasts

b. They typically have no nucleoli present in the nucleus

Which of the following is TRUE regarding this myelocytic development stage?

a. This is the stage in which the cell will be identified as a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil

b. This stage is not able to divide

c.This is the metamyelocyte stage

d. This stage has only primary granules

a. This is the stage in which the cell will be identified as a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the small projection indicated on this neutrophil?

a. It is a Barr body

b. It is a normal finding in patients with an inactive X chromosome

c. It is found only in disease states

d. It is typically seen in 2-3% of neutrophils when present

c. It is found only in disease states

How would you describe this peripheral blood finding?

a. Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction

b. Normal blood picture

c. Found with viral infections

d. Typical in patients with allergies

a. Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction