Lecture 12

Anxiety disorders and OCD

anxiety, mood

Internalization symptoms include both ______ disorders and ______ disorders

social, academic

Anxiety disorders are associated with significant impairment in the _______ and _______ domains

low

Among those with anxiety disorders, there is very ______ service utilization (mainly among boys and younger children)

disability

Some fear and anxiety is totally normal and can be adaptive, but we have to look at whether it is causing a ______, distress or risk

disruption, favourable

Often, anxiety symptoms may not be upsetting to adults because they don’t cause much _______ and may be associated with more ______ characteristics

future, threat

Anxiety is ______-oriented and focuses on a ______ or danger

• threat

• symptoms

Within anxiety disorders, there are many specific diagnoses that vary on both:

• The content of _______

• The balance of _______

separated

In the DSM-5, anxiety disorders are now ______ from OCD

• fear

• girls

• 5

Phobias:

• Means having a ______ of specific situations or things

• Are more common in ______ (gender)

• 1 in ___ children are affected at one point

• 10

• girls

• anxiety

• adulthood

Separation anxiety disorder:

• Occurs in 4-___% of children

• Is more common in ______ (gender)

• Is comorbid with other ______ disorders

• In 1/3 of children, some form of anxiety persist into ______

peer

For children to have a social anxiety disorder diagnosis, it must occur in _______ settings, not just with adults

anxious

It’s not clear that all children with selective mutism are ______

• continuous

• physical

• genders

• time

• anxiety, depression

Generalized anxiety disorder:

• Worrying can be episodic or almost _______

• Somatic, so people also have _______ symptoms

• Equally common in both _______

• Persists over ______

• Comorbid with other _______ disorders and _______

• unexpected

• concern, consequences, behaviour

Panic disorder:

• Recurrent and ______ panic attacks

• At least 1 panic attack followed by 1 month + of persistent ______ about having additional attacks OR worry about the implications and ________ of the attack OR a significant change in _______ related to the attacks

not

It is possible to have panic attacks and _____ have panic disorder

• suppress

• mind

In OCD, people with obsessions:

• Attempt to ignore or _______ the thoughts or to neutralize them with another thought or action

• Recognize that the thoughts are a product of their own _______

distress

→ realistic, excessive

In OCD, people with compulsions act in ways to prevent/reduce _______ from specific situations or events

→ However, these acts/behaviours are not connected in a ______ way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent, or they are clearly _______

time

OCD compulsions are very _______ consuming and can take more than 1h per day

both

To be diagnosed as OCD, you must have obsessions OR compulsions, you don’t need ______

32

Lifetime prevalence of any anxiety disorder during childhood and adolescence is ___%

education, single

Lower levels of parental _______ and living in a ______-parent household is associated with greater likelihood of having an anxiety disorder

Black, more

Anxiety disorders are more common among _______ youth than among White youth but White youth receive services for anxiety ______ than Black youth

symptoms

Generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder have many _______ that overlap

• anxiety, depression

• depression, anxiety

• Negative affectivity is positively correlated with ______ and _______

• Positive affectivity is negatively correlated with ______ but is independent of ________ symptoms/diagnoses

complex

As children with anxiety disorders get older, their worries become more _______

Homotypic continuity	Heterotypic continuity
Anxiety disorder stays the same over time	Anxiety disorder transforms or is replaced by another disorder (can be an anxiety disorder or depression for example)

What’s the difference between homotypic continuity and heterotypic continuity?

• Early childhood → boys + having a family history of OCD = more likely

• Late adolescence/early adulthood

What are the 2 different peak onset periods for OCD?

• better

• 10

• onset, response, tic, parental

OCD development throughout life:

• Symptoms do get ______ over time but there is big continuity in the disorder years later

• Less than ___% of people experience complete remission

• Risk factors for poor prognosis: early ______, poor first _____ to treatment, having a _______ disorder, ______ psychopathology