Year 12 PDHPE Syllabus

Measuring health status

- role of epidemiology

- measures of epidemiology (mortality, infant mortality, morbidity, life expectancy)

Identifying priority health issues

- social justice principles

- priority population groups

- prevalence of condition

- potential for prevention and early intervention

- costs to the individual and community

Groups experiencing health inequities

- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

- socioeconomically disadvantaged people

A growing and ageing population

- healthy ageing

- increased population living with chronic disease and disability

- demand for health services and workforce shortages

- availability of carers and volunteers

High levels of preventable chronic disease, injury and mental health problems

- cancer (skin, breast, lung)

- diabetes

- cardiovascular disease

Health care in Australia

− range and types of health facilities and services

− responsibility for health facilities and services

− equity of access to health facilities and services

− health care expenditure versus expenditure on early intervention and prevention

− impact of emerging new treatments and technologies on health care, eg cost and access, benefits of early detection

− health insurance: Medicare and private

Complementary and alternative health care approaches

- reasons for growth of complementary and alternative health products and services

- range of products and services available

- how to make informed consumer choices

Health promotion based on the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter

- levels of responsibility for health promotion

- the benefits of partnerships in health promotion, eg government sector, non-government agencies and the local community

- how health promotion based on the Ottawa Charter promotes social justice

- the Ottawa Charter in action

Energy systems

- alactacid system (ATP/PC)

- lactic acid system

- aerobic system

Types of training and training methods

- Aerobic (continuous, Fartlek, aerobic interval, circuit)

- Anaerobic (anaerobic interval)

- Flexibility (static, ballistic, PNF, dynamic)

- Strength training (free/fixed weights, elastic, hydraulic)

Principles of training

- progressive overload

- specificity

- reversibility

- variety

- training thresholds

- warm up and cool down

Physiological adaptations to training

- resting heart rate

- stroke volume and cardiac output

- oxygen uptake and lung capacity

- haemoglobin level

- muscle hypertrophy

- effect of fast/slow twitch muscle fibres

Motivation

- positive and negative

- intrinsic and extrinsic

Anxiety and arousal

- trait and state anxiety

- sources of stress

- optimum arousal

Psychological strategies to enhance motivation and manage anxiety

- concentration/attention skills (focusing)

- mental rehearsal/visualisation/imagery

- relaxation techniques

- goal-setting

Nutritional considerations

- pre-performance, including carbohydrate loading

- during performance

- post-performance

Supplementation

- vitamins/minerals

- protein

- caffeine

- creatine products

Recovery strategies

- physiological strategies, eg cool down, hydration

- neural strategies, eg hydrotherapy, massage

- tissue damage strategies, eg cryotherapy

- psychological strategies, eg relaxation

Stages of skill acquisition

- cognitive

- associative

- autonomous

Characteristics of the learner

e.g. personality, heredity, confidence, prior experience, ability

The learning environment

- nature of the skill (open, closed, gross, fine, discrete, serial, continuous, self-paced, externally paced)

- the performance elements (decision-making, strategic and tactical development)

- practice method (massed, distributed, whole, part)

- feedback (internal, external, concurrent, delayed, knowledge of results, knowledge of performance)

Assessment of skill and performance

- characteristics of skilled performers, eg kinaesthetic sense, anticipation, consistency, technique

- objective and subjective performance measures

- validity and reliability of tests

- personal versus prescribed judging criteria

The beginnings of modern sport in 19th century England and colonial Australia

- links with manliness, patriotism and character

- the meaning of amateur and professional sport

- women's historical participation in sport

Sport as a commodity

− the development of professional sport

− sport as big business

− sponsorship, advertising and sport

− the economics of hosting major sporting events

− consequences for spectators and participants.

Australian sporting identity

− national and regional identity through sporting achievements

− government funding, eg the Australian Institute of Sport

− politics and sports

The meaning of physical activity and sport to Indigenous Australians

- traditional activities and sports

- links between community and identity

Physical activity, sport and cultural identity

− the role of competition

− links to cultural identity

− relationships to health

− ways of thinking about the body.

The relationship between sport and the mass media

− the representation of sport in the media

− economic considerations of media coverage and sport

Deconstructing media messages, images and amount of coverage

- differences in coverage for different sports across various print and electronic media

- the emergence of extreme sports as entertainment, eg big wave surfing

Strength training

- Resistance training, eg elastic, hydraulic

- Weight training, eg plates, dumbbells

- Isometric training

Aerobic training

- continuous/uniform

- fartlek

- long interval

Initial planning considerations

- performance and fitness needs (individual, team)

- schedule of events/competitions

- climate and season

Planning a training year (periodisation)

- Phases of competition (pre-season,

in-season and off-season phases)

- Subphases (macro and microcycles)

- Peaking

- Tapering

- Sport-specific subphases (fitness

components, skill requirements)

Elements to be considered when designing a training session

- health and safety considerations

- providing an overview of the season to athletes (goal-specific)

- warm up and cool down

- skill instruction and practice

- conditioning

- evaluation

Planning to avoid overtraining

− amount and intensity of training

− physiological considerations, eg lethargy, injury

− psychological considerations, eg loss of motivation

Use of drugs

− the dangers of performance enhancing drug use, eg physical effects, loss of reputation, sponsorship and income

− for strength (human growth hormone, anabolic steroids)

− for aerobic performance (EPO)

− to mask other drugs (diuretics, alcohol)

− benefits and limitations of drug testing

Use of technology

- Training innovation, eg lactate threshold testing, biomechanical analysis

- Equipment advances, eg swimsuits, golf ball