Cell Theory and Cell Structure

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and concepts from cell theory and cell structure.

Cell Theory

A scientific theory that states all living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life.

Organelle

A membrane-bounded structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Molecule

A group of joined atoms.

Atom

The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element).

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of phospholipid molecules that makes up cell membranes, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Cytoplasm

The aqueous solvent in which all biochemical reactions occur within a cell.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Capsule

A thick layer surrounding some bacteria, often contributing to their pathogenicity.

Flagellum

A long, whip-like appendage that helps some cells move.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells that is responsible for photosynthesis.

Nucleoid

The region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located, not enclosed by a membrane.

Mitochondria

Organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for energy production.

Virus

A microscopic acellular entity that can only replicate inside a living host cell.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in certain cells, providing structural support.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of various proteins that float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer.

Cohesive Behavior

The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other, which plays a crucial role in many biological processes.

Versatility as a Solvent

Water's ability to dissolve many substances, making it essential for biological reactions.

Energy Conversion Mechanism

Processes within cells that transform energy from one form to another, such as photosynthesis in plants or cellular respiration in higher organisms.