2.5-2.8 APHuG Vocab

Malthusian Theory

Theory of exponential population and arithmetic food supply growth.

Malthusian Catastrophe

Reaching carrying capacity and experiencing War, Famine, Spread of Disease, and Eventual Destruction of Society

Neo-Malthusians

The exponential growth rate of the population does not match the amount of available natural resources.

1st Ravenstein's law of migration

Most Migration happens for economic reason and is done by young adults

2nd Ravenstein's law of migration

Migrants often travel short distances and travel in short distances and in Step Migration

3rd Ravenstein's law of migration

Migrants are more likely to move from rural to urban areas

4th Ravenstein's law of migration

When migration occurs, a counter stream occurs

5th Ravenstein's law of migration

Large urban areas grow through migration than by natural births

6th Ravenstein's law of migration

Migration increases economic development

7th Ravenstein's law of migration

Women are more likely to move internally within a country and most international migrants are young males men

Epidemiology

A branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of disease and other factors relating to health

Stage 1 of ETM

Pestilence, Famine, & Death

Epidemic

A disease that stays in a particular area and does not spread through the entire region or community

Stage 2 of ETM

Less deaths and Receding Pandemics

Stage 3 of ETM

Degenerative Disease

Stage 4 of ETM

Fighting Degenerative Disease

Stage 5 of ETM

Reemergence of Infectious Disease

Subsistence Agriculture

A type of farming where almost all of the crops or livestock raised are used by the farmer and their family (Food is not being grown for sale)

Stage 1 DTM

• High CBR and CDR

• Low NIR because CBR and CDR cancel each other out

• Societies are traditionally lacking sanitation, medicine, contraceptives

• Primary Sector Based

  • Subsistence Agriculture

• Majority of Human History

• J- Curve Pop. Pyramid

• No longer seen in countries

Stage 2 DTM

• Catalyse was the Industrial Revolution

• Enclosure Movement

• Increased Urbanization

  • Allowed Specialization, Increased food Surplus, Allowed advancements in Medicine

• Great Britain and USA first to enter this stage

  • Would then diffuse to Africa, Asia, and Latin America due to diffusion of technology and the medical revolution

• High CBR

• Rapidly decreasing CDR

• NIR is growing quick

• Increased migration to Urban areas

  • People seek economic opportunities in the city, in the secondary sector

• Increased Emigration

• Ex: Afghanistan

Stage 3 DTM

• CBR starts to decrease with CDR continuing

• NIR starts to have lower AROC

• Smaller families

• Medical Technology decreases IMR, Higher life expectancy

• Cultural Changes

  • Less strict gender roles, more rights for women

• More jobs in the manufacturing sector

• Creation of jobs in the third

• Less people Emigrate from countries where there are more jobs in the secondary and tertiary sector

• Ex: Mexico

• Pop pyramid: The center starts to fill out

Stage 4 DTM

• Low CBR and CDR

• NIR becoming constant

• More job opportunities for citizens, Higher education rates for women, more jobs in tertiary, more regional migration

• Experiences Z.P.G

  • Zero Population growth

• More people are focused on careers, pushing abc the age people are married and have kids

• Cost of living increases

  • Decreased disposable income

• Decreased TFR

  • Harder to economically support a family

• Changing gender roles

  • Women are gaining equity and lowers CDR and IMR

• Gain access to better healthcare and nutritious food

• EX: United States and China

• Pop Pyramid: Box shaped 

Stage 5 DTM

• Negative NIR

• CBR goes below the CDR

• Ex: Japan and Germany

• Pop Pyramid: Coffin

• Countries have to have a TFR above 2.1

  • Countries in this stage typically have a lowered TFR

DTM Model