Colonial America AP/DC Period 2

How did the Colonial Era lay the foundation for the American Revolution?

The colonial era laid the foundation for the American Revolution by people moving from Great Britain to the Americas in search for a new life and to escape religious persecution. There was also growing tensions over British control and taxation after the French and Indian war of 1754 - 1763

What contributed to the major development of American political institutions as well as distinctive religious American thought?

The major development of American political institutions and distinctive religious American thought was significantly influenced by the Enlightenment period, which emphasized reason, liberty, and skepticism of absolute authority. Distinctive religious American thought was also majorly influenced by people moving from Great Britain and settling in the 13 colonies in search for religious freedom.

Trace the development of slavery in the American colonies.

Slavery in the American colonies began with the first arrival of enslaved Africans in Virginia in 1619, which were treated like servants. Over time in the 17th and 18th century, the colonies relied heavily on enslaved labor for cash crop production.

To what extent were the New England, Middle, and Southern distinctive politically, socially, and economically?  What factors accounted for the differences?

The New England, Middle, and southern colonies were distinct in their political and economic structures due to their differing geographical features and cultural backgrounds. The New England colony focused on religious community and craftmanship, the middle colonies primarily focused on diversity and trade while the southern colonies were primarily focused on agriculture and relied heavily on plantation economies and enslaved labor.

What does the word “AMERICAN” mean by 1750?

By 1750, the definition of the word “AMERICAN” would vary depending on who you ask. 

If you ask a white man, he would say it’s the best thing to be an American because you are allowed to own land, vote, and have the freedom to do whatever you want.

 If you asked a woman, they would say its both and a bad thing because now you can follow your religion without the worry of being persecuted by the government, but you would also need your husband to sign off on everything you do, you had no freedom, no right to vote, and you had to be supervised by a man. 

If you were someone who was not white, it would not be a good situation to be in. If you were not white, man or woman, you would be a slave and be treated like property, being auctioned and sold at the market to the Aristocrats, the most wealthiest men at the time

What was the most important development/event during the Colonial American time period?

The most important event during the Colonial period was the American Revolution in 1775, which lead to the colonies declaring independence from Britian in 1776. This set up the foundation of the formation of the United States.

What point in Period Two do we begin to see the emergence of a distinctive American Identity?  What factors/events contribute to its continued development?

We begin to see the emergence of a distinctive American identity in the mid-18th century right before the American Revolution. We see a growing sense of unity among the colonies in resistance to British taxation, a key factor of the American Revolution

What were the ways in which the colonies were connected to the mother country and in what ways were those bonds weakening?

The colonies were connected to the mother country through trade, political governance, and cultural ties. They were also tied with the British policies and economic interests heavily influencing colonial life. These bonds weaken due to the increasing colonial dissatisfaction with taxation without representation, calls for independence, and their desire for self-government leading to a sense of distinct American identity.

What was the nature of the interactions between colonists and Native Americans?

The nature of the interaction between colonists and Native Americans was a mix of cooperation, trade, and conflict. When the colonists first settled, the Native American tribes wanted to establish friendly relations with the settlers, but as the colonies grew bigger, their territories and tensions escalated, which led to violence and broken treaties.

To what extent were the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies “English”by 1754?

By 1754, the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies displayed varying degrees of English culture, governance, and social structures, yet they also developed unique regional identities influenced by geography, economy, and interactions with Native Americans and enslaved peoples.

In what ways was America distinctive from Europe by 1750?

By 1750, America was distinctive from Europe due to its diverse population, self-governing institutions, and the growing sense of independence. American society was shaped by a mix of cultures, religious freedoms, and frontier dynamics, creating a unique identity separate from European traditions.

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in Virginia. Jamestown served as a foothold for English colonization and was notable for its struggles with survival, conflicts with Native Americans, and the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop.

Indentured Servature

A labor system where individuals worked for a specified number of years in exchange for passage to America, land, or other benefits. This system was common in the 17th and 18th centuries, contributing to the development of the American colonies.

Who settled in the northern colonies? For what purpose?

The northern colonies were primarily settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities. They established communities that emphasized moral and religious values, creating a distinct cultural identity.

Who settled in the Middle colonies? For what purpose?

The Middle colonies were settled by a diverse group of people, including Quakers, Dutch, and Germans, seeking religious tolerance and economic prospects. This diversity fostered a culture of pluralism and trade.

Who settled in the Southern colonies? For what purpose?

The Southern colonies were primarily settled by English colonists seeking agricultural opportunities and economic gain, particularly through cash crops like tobacco and rice. This led to the establishment of plantation economies reliant on enslaved labor.

Who were the main people that settled in the Chesapeake colonies?

The Chesapeake colonies were mainly settled by men, and hardly any women, and disease was a huge problem. 20% of children made it past the age of 5.

What was the Atlantic slave trade?

The Atlantic slave trade was the forced transport of enslaved Africans to the Americas, primarily to work on plantations in the South and the Caribbean, driven by European colonization and the demand for labor in agricultural economies.

What cash crop saved Jamestown from collapsing like Roanoke?

Tobacco

How was Maryland founded?

Maryland was founded as a refuge for English Catholics fleeing persecution, established by Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, in 1632.

What was the Salem witch trials?

The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. They resulted in the execution of 20 people, mostly women, and are a significant example of mass hysteria and scapegoating in history.

What was the Massachusetts Bay colony?

A Puritan settlement established in 1628, it became a major religious and social center in New England, known for its strong community and strict religious observance.

What was the Glorious Revolution?

The Glorious Revolution was a bloodless coup in 1688 that resulted in the overthrow of King James II of England, leading to the ascent of William and Mary to the throne and the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

Who was Sir Edmond Andres?

A royal governor of the Dominion of New England, known for his unpopular rule and suspension of local governments from 1686 to 1689.

What was the English Bill of Rights?

A 1689 act that limited the powers of the monarchy, established legal rights for parliament, and outlined individual civil liberties.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement signed by Pilgrims in 1620 to establish self-governance in their new colony. It was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony, creating a civil body politic.

What happened when England neglected the colonies and let them trade with whoever they wanted to?

This period, known as "salutary neglect," resulted in the colonies developing a degree of economic independence and self-governance, fostering a sense of identity distinct from England.

The great awakening

A series of religious revivals in the American colonies during the early 18th century, emphasizing individual piety and a personal relationship with God, which challenged the established churches.

Who were Anglicans?

Members of the Church of England, characterized by their adherence to Anglican theology and practices. They played a key role in the religious landscape of colonial America.

Who were Puritans?

Members of a religious reform movement within the Church of England, seeking to purify it from Catholic practices. They played a significant role in the early colonization of New England.

Who were back country farmers?

Farmers living in the rural, mountainous regions of the American colonies, often characterized by their subsistence agriculture practices and independence from market-oriented farming.

Who were the quakers?

Members of a Christian denomination advocating for pacifism, equality, and direct communion with God. Known for their emphasis on inner light and social justice, they established communities in Pennsylvania.

What did England learn from its failure?

in the early attempts at colonization, such as the Roanoke Colony, which revealed the importance of proper planning, support, and relationships with Indigenous peoples.

What was the “Starving time”?

The winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown, Virginia, when settlers faced extreme food shortages leading to hunger and hardship, resulting in the death of a large portion of the population.

What is the “Rich man’s crop”? Why was it called this?

Sugar because either requires a lot of care and labour.

What was the Plantation colonies?

The Plantation colonies were regions in the southern United States, primarily focused on agricultural production, particularly cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo, relying heavily on enslaved labor for cultivation.

What was the southern society?

Southern society was characterized by a hierarchical structure, with wealthy plantation owners at the top, a class of small farmers below them, and a large population of enslaved individuals who provided the labor necessary for plantation agriculture.

What is the protestant reformation? Who was it by?

The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement initiated by Puritans like Martin Luther in the 16th century, aiming to reform the practices and beliefs of the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.

WHAT IS CALVINISM????

Calvinism is a branch of Protestant theology founded by John Calvin in the 16th century, emphasizing the sovereignty of God, predestination, and the authority of Scripture.

What was New Netherlands?

New Netherlands was a Dutch colony established in the early 17th century that included parts of present-day New York, New Jersey, and Delaware, known for its diversity and trade.

What is Leisler’s Rebellion?

Leisler's Rebellion was an uprising in 1689 in New York, where Jacob Leisler seized control of the colonial government, reflecting colonial tensions between the established elite and the common populace. It ended with Leisler's execution and marked a significant moment of conflict in colonial governance.

Who was George Whitefied?

George Whitefield was an influential Anglican preacher and a key figure in the Great Awakening, known for his charismatic preaching style and ability to attract large crowds across the American colonies in the 18th century.

After what year were African Americans not indentured servants?

1660.

Why was the atlantic slave trade important?

It was the largest forced migration movement, and the most important in the history of the modern world. It facilitated the labor supply for plantations in the Americas, significantly shaping the economic and social structures of colonial societies. .