Bio Chapter 12

Avery’s experiment showed that bacteria are transformed by:

DNA

What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live, harmless bacteria into mice?

the mice developed pneumonia

What would Hershey & Chase have concluded if both 32P and 35S were found in the bacteria in the experiment?

both the virus’ protein coat and its DNA were injected into the bacteria

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

Deoxyribose + phosphate + uracil

Because of base pairing rules, the percentage of:

% of pyrimidines in DNA are about equal to the % of purines

In eukaryotes, DNA:

is located in the nucleus

DNA is copied during a process called:

replicated

Which of the following is true for copying DNA?

the final product is the formation of two identical strands

The backbone of DNA consists of:

an alternating assortment of phosphate and sugar

After copying DNA, the two DNA molecules:

each has one old strand and one new strand

Genes contain instructions for assembling

proteins (genes)

some genes code for

enzymes

Are the instructions for making proteins specified by genes?

yes

An organism’s expression of inherited traits depends on

proteins (traits)

An organism’s gene determine its expressed

traits

RNA contains the sugar

ribose

Unlike DNA, RNA contains

Uracil

What is found in both DNA & RNA?

phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

How many types of RNA are there?

3

Which type(s) of RNA is/are involved in protein synthesis?

messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, & transfer RNA

Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?

mRNA

What is produced during transcription?

mRNA

During transcription, and RNA molecule is formed:

that is complementary to part of a single strand of DNA

How many bases are needed to specify three amino acids?

9

Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?

there are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids

Hydrogen bonds are good bonds for DNA to use because:

weak bonds make it easier to open and close the chain back together

The idea that the environment is as important as your original genetic make-up, and can affect the genetic code is known as one’s:

epigenome

A tail added to the pre-mRNA strand would look like what?

AAAAAAA

Methylation that occurs when a methyl group is in contact with DNA can have what effect?

can tighten DNA around histones

Does epigenetics change an organism’s phenotype or genotype?

phenotype

Which of the following represented the Stress Response Effect?

parently involvment can cause an organism to develop better

What is the first amino acid of every protein?

methionine

What is the OVERALL role of DNA in a cell?

to carry the code for all the proteins the cell uses