MATERIAL SCIENCE: CHAPTER 2 PRE-QUIZ VOCAB

Brinell Test

 a 10 mm diameter or steel or tungsten carbide sphere is pushed into target material. The diameter of the resulting deformation, d, is measured

hardness

describes a specific response to a specific stimulus

normal strain

measure of deformation in materials when subjected to normal force

Rockwell Test

hardness number is determined by the difference in depth of penetration resulting from the application of an initial minor load followed by a larger major load

shear stress

acts parallel to a surface exposed by a FBD cut

Vickers Test

sometimes also called diamond pyramid, a very small diamond indenter having pyramidal geometry is forced into the surface of the specimen

chemical properties

response to a chemical environment

Knoop Test

Used for testing brittle materials such as ceramics (uses smaller forces)

mechanical properties

describes the response of a material to mechanical stimuli

normal stress

acts perpendicular to a surface exposed by a FBD cut

strain

represents the amount of deformation induced by stress

stress

a measure of an applied mechanical load or force, normalized to take into account cross-sectional area

electrical properties

response to electric or electromagnetic fields

magnetic properties

response to magnetic fields

Mohs scale

used in geology, quantifies hardness as the resistance to scratching, test uses progressively harder materials to try to scratch target material

optical properties

response to light

shear strain

the change in angle

thermal properties

response to thermal energy or temperature