Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards

Flashcards for BIO1010 Module 19 on Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Chemiosmosis

uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis in the process of ATP generation during cellular respiration.

Oxidative phosphorylation

ATP is generated by the transfer of electrons from NADH & FADH2 to oxygen

Glycolysis

A pathway of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is anaerobic.

Pyruvate processing

A pathway of cellular respiration that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, where enzymes for the pathway are located and is aerobic.

Citric acid cycle

A pathway of cellular respiration that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, where enzymes for the pathway are located and is aerobic.

Electron transport and chemiosmosis

A pathway of cellular respiration that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria, where enzymes for the pathways are located, and proteins are pumps inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane and is aerobic.

Glycolysis Reactants

Glucose

Glycolysis Products

2 pyruvate

Glycolysis Energy Gain

2 ATP, 2 NADH

Pyruvate Reactants

2 pyruvate

Pyruvate Products

2 Acetyl CoA, 2 CO2

Pyruvate Energy Gain

2 NADH

Citric Acid Reactants

2 Acetyl CoA

Citric Acid Products

4 CO2

Citric Acid Energy Gain

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

Electron Transport Chain

Proteins that set up proton gradient, pumps that are inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane, energy to fuel pumps comes from high energy electrons that were captured during cellular respiration.

Electron Transport Chain Process

Electron from glucose transferred from NADH to first protein in ETC, during transfer electron moved to lower energy level, energy given off is used to pump a proton across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space, electron carried to the second pump in ETC, electron moved to lower energy level & again used to pump a proton, electron carried to the third pump in ETC, and again electron moved to lower energy level & energy used to pump a proton, by end of ETC electron has lost most of its energy, making it no longer useful, & in the way, next electron can’t be passed

Final Electron Acceptor Importance

When cells have oxygen, 4 of low energy electrons passed to oxygen molecule O2 along with two protons, makes two molecules of water allowing ETC to continue as long as o2 is present

ATP Synthase

Tiny biological machine in your cells. Its main job is to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), works by using the flow of hydrogen ions (protons) across a membrane to rotate part of the enzyme, and this rotation drives the binding of ADP and inorganic phosphate to produce ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation

process your body uses to produce energy when there isn't enough oxygen available, during intense exercise, your muscles might not get oxygen fast enough. In this process, glucose (sugar) is broken down to produce energy, and lactic acid is formed as a byproduct

Alcohol Fermentation

sugars like glucose are converted into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide. This process is often used by yeast and some bacteria.