French Revolution History NHCA

What determined a person's legal rights and status?

1 of 3 estates

What is the first estate? (1% population)

clergy - wealthiest

What is the second estate? (2% population)

nobility - wealthiest and powerful

What is the third estate? (97% population)

commoners

Which estate was responsible for the majority of France's taxes?

commoners/ 3rd estate

Out of the 3 subcategories of the 3rd estate, which group was the upper middle class?

bourgeoisie

Out of the 3 subcategories of the 3rd estate, which group were just the "normal, regular people"?

urban workers

Out of the 3 subcategories of the 3rd estate, which group were the poorest and often went hungry because 1/2 their wages went to taxes?

peasants

What were the 3 main economic problems were France facing before the French Revolution?

lack of money, French government deficit spending (when the federal government's spending exceeds its revenues), bad food harvests

What was the 1st step to the French Revolution where King Louis XVI asked the upper classes if they wanted to pay taxes?

Assembly of Notables

What was the goal of the Estates General who met at the Palace of Versailles?

raise taxes to pay off debt

What was the 2nd step toward the French Revolution?

National Assembly

What new government demanded more power, made the Tennis Court Oath, and vowed a fair Constitutions?

National Assembly

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

What was the 3rd and final step towards the French Revolution and when was it? (you have to know the exact date for the test)

Storming of Bastille on July 14,1789

When the king tried to stop the National Assembly, what two notable events began/occurred?

storming of Bastille and the Great Fear

What was where peasants revolted, attacked landlords, destroyed paper contracts/ debt to end feudalism?

the Great Fear

What did the August 4th Decrees do?

ended feudalism

What did the Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen (DoRoMac) do?

provided equality for all citizens, freedom of speech & press & religion

What constitution made the church under control of the French government?

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

What constitution in 1791 kept a king, but limited their powers (--> constitutional monarchy) and created a legislative/ constituent assembly?

Constitution of 1791

In France's political system, who were the people on the "left"

radicals, young people who distrusted the king (Robespierre)

In France's political system, who were the people on the "right"

supporters of the king (Robespierre)

What new kind of government did the National Convention set up that ended the monarchy?

democratic republic

What happened to King Louis when he refused the new republic?

he was labeled as a traitor, tried for treason, and beheaded

Who was a leader in France who installed radical changes, disregarded the constitution, Committee of Public Safety, beheaded Marie Antoinette, & began the Reign of Terror?

Maximilien Robespierre

What event resulted in 40,000 people suspected of being traitors and being beheaded?

Reign of Terror

How did Abbie Sieyes answer the question: What is the 3rd Estate?

everything

How did Abbie Sieyes answer the question: What has it (3rd estate) been until now in the political order?

nothing

How did Abbie Sieyes answer the question: What does it(3rd estate) want to become?

something

What was the result of the Thermodorian Reaction?

Robespierre was executed by guillotine

What government in France was the fourth one by 1795, had a 5 man governing body, was weak, and corrupt?

the Directory

Why did Britain, Spain, Austria, and Prussia fear France's new government? (2 reasons)

France wanted to spread the revolution by overthrowing all kings and it began war

Which French general defeated Austria and northern Italy, their popularity allowed them to overthrow the government, and created a consulate?

Napoleon

Who was the first consul?

Napoleon

Who promised (1) peace and prosperity (2) support of liberty, equality, & justice (3) tax collection system (4) peace w/ Catholic Church (5) education system

Napoleon

What did Napoleon do that demonstrated his power was above the pope?

he crowned himself, declaring himself emperor

What were the wars on Europe by Napoleon called?

Napoleonic wars

What did Napoleon do to the Holy Roman Empire?

dissolved it

What spurred resistance to Napoleon?

growing nationalism

What was the purpose of the Continental System?

designed to destroy Britain

When Napoleon goes to invade Russia, he has an army of ~ 600,000 men. How many men does he have when he finally retreats?

~200,000 men left; ~400,000 men lost in battle

What policy did Russia use against Napoleon's invasion?

"scorched earth" policy where Russians retreated and burnt everything.

In 1814, after the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was defeated and exiled to where?

Islands of Elba & St. Helena

After Napoleon, who became France's king?

Louis XVIII

What was Napoleon's greatest contribution that is still used today?

Napoleonic Code

What were the 3 biggest impacts by Napoleon?

Napoleonic Code, Secured the revolution in France, & spread Enlightenment around Europe

What did the Congress of Vienna do in 1815?

redrew the map of Europe, & restored the kings who had ruled before Napoleon