Sports med final

u got this

Define sign & examples

An objective physical finding; measurable. Ex: deformity, swelling, bruising

Injury report

Primary complaint, MOI, characteristics, medical history. Establishes comfortable atmosphere

Bilateral sensation

Sensation on both sides

Define acute & chronic & examples 4 each

Acute - just happened - ex: broken bone

Chronic - slow/gradual - ex: bursitis, tendinitis

Define symptom & examples

What the patient feels - ex: blurry vision, headache, dizziness

Primary & secondary survey

PS - determines level of responsiveness, identifies life-threatening situations, dictates necessary actions

SS -

Decrease in temp is a sign of

Reduction of circulation

Characteristics of symptoms

Weakness, nausea, fatigue

Define SOAP and what falls under each letter

S - subjective: detailed information abt the history of injury & athlete; complains, signs, symptoms

O - objective: info & data gained from inspection; visible swelling & discoloration’

A - assessment: identification of problem; determine injury; severity of injury

P - plan of action: what the ATC will do to help the athlete return to play; treatment, rehab, etc

Consciousness is determined

By pulse

Dermatology & myotome & what are abnormal signs?

Dermatome - area of skin supplied by a single nerve root - abnormal: anesthesia (loss of sensation), paresthesia (numbness/tingling), hypesthesia (decreased tactile sensation), hyperesthesia (excessive tactile sensation)

Myotome - group of muscles primarily innervated by a single nerve root - abnormal: paralysis

Define superficial & deep pain plus examples

Superficial - sharp, prickly, brief - ex: injury to skin

Deep - diffuse or nagging, possible stabbing pain, longer lasting - ex: injury to bone, internal joint structures, or muscles

X-rays

Most common imaging technique; can rule out fractures & infections

MOI

Mechanism of injury

Universal safety precautions to prevent disease

Wear gloves

Pes planus/Pes Cavus - injuries involved with each

Pes planus - flatfoot & mobile foot; tibalis posterior tendinitis, Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, Patellofemoral pain, etc

Pes cavus - high arch & rigid foot; plantar fasciitis, stress fractures of the tarsals and metatarsals

Weight bearing bone

Tibia

Explain turf toe and what muscle helps stretch to decrease the shortening of plantar fascia?

Sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of 1st MTP joint

Achilles tendon rupture and signs/symptoms and age group

Age group: 30-50

Achilles tendonitis

Injury of the Achilles tendon caused by overuse

Avascular Necrosis

Bone tissue condition

Seasmoid bones

A bone inside a tendon; my joint, tubular, fibular

Ligament

Medial: deltoid

Lateral: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular

What is 1st to be stretched in the ankle when put in plantarflexion and inversion

Ligament

Main body stabilizer during walking or running

hallux

Claw toe

Toes bend into a claw-like position - DIP and PIP joints are bent

Anterior compartment syndrome

direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the tibia; rapid increase in tissue pressure which → to neurovascular compromise; management is cold but NO Compression or elevation

Tibial stress syndrome/shin splints

Excessive pronation causes an eccentric contraction of soleus → inflammation of the muscle around the tibia

Plantar fasciitis

Pain with first steps in morning; risks include bad soes, obesity, p

Morton’s neuroma

Trauma or repetitive stress → abnormal pressure on plantar digital nerves; common- web space between 3rd & 4th metatarsals. A classic sign is wanting to take off the shoe and massage foot

Longitudinal Arch

provides support on plantar aspect of foot

All functions of the meniscus

Stabilize joint by deepening the articulation, shock absorption, provide lubrication & nourishment, improve weight distribution, dissipation of force, assist the ligaments & capsule in preventing hypertension

Predisposing factors of tendonitis

Overuse, age, medical history

Treatment for bursitis and tendonitis

Heat & ultrasound

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

Poor patellar tracking due to weak VMO or tight lateral structures; dull aching pain that increases with sitting/squatting

Largest bursa of the body and strongest ligament in the knee

Suprapatellar

IT band syndrome

Band drops behind lateral femoral epicondyle with knee flexion, then snaps forward over epicondyle during extension - common in runners, cyclists, etc; is caused by excessive compression & friction, training errors, muscle weakness

Patellar tendonitis

“Jumper’s knee”; due to repetitive or eccentric knee extension activities

LCL & what does “amount of give” mean?

Resist laterally directed (Varus - goes outward) forces

Sciatic nerve- what muscle is involved

Biceps femoris

2 muscle groups that need to be stretched for low back pain

Hamstrings and hip flexors

Function of rotator cuff - which muscles and how many of them

Tension helps hold the head of the humerus against the glenoid fossa; 4 muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, & subscapularis

Brachial plexus

Innervates upper extremity - gives us sensation to the arm down to the finger tip; nerved C5-T1; most common injury with the nerve - “the stinger”

Subluxation/dislocation

Subluxation: humerus comes out & goes right back in

Dislocation: humerus comes out & goes right back in

Stress UCL of elbow - what direction

Inward

Jersey finger

Ring finger; rupture of flexor digitorum profundus from distal phalanx

Coaches’ finger

PIP; most common dislocated joint in the body; hyperextension & axial loading (ball striking extended finger)

Pale nail indicates

Anemia, deficiencies, trauma

DIP/PIP strain - must rule out

Excessive valgus & varus: collateral ligaments; rule out fracture & dislocation by x-ray

Subungual hematoma

Blood under fingernail due to direct trauma; need to rule out fracture; soak in ice water/drain if needed

Most common MOI for shoulder, elbow, wrist, & hand injuries

Fall on an outstretched arm

Battle’s sign

Ecchymosis/discoloration behind the ear; signals potential fracture of the skull

Raccoon eyes

Ecchymosis/discoloration under the eye

Presence of unequal pupils

Bad

Preventative measure is used for head & facial injuries

Helmet

Concussion

A brain injury caused by a blow to the head; needs immediate medical treatment

Most frequent S&S with a concussion

Headache

Management of epistaxis/bloody nose

Gloves, mild pressure to bridge of nose, slightly tilt head forward, apply nasal plug to absorb blood

Replanting tooth for a high success rate

2 hrs

Second impact syndrome

When the brain swells rapidly after someone suffers a second concussion; deadly

Post concussion syndrome

Persistent symptoms

Tinnitus

Ringingof the ears

Cryrotherapy

Cold application

3 methods of cryrotherapy

Cold packs, ice massage, ice immersion

Stages of cold

Uncomfortable sensation of cold, stinging, burning or aching, & numbness

Cryrotherapy & Thermotherapy - time frame

Rehab

How long should ice and heat be applied for

20 min

Ultrasound coupling

Agent such as gel or water

4 phases

Phase 1- controlling inflammation, phase 2- restoration of motion, phase 3: developing muscular strength, endurance, & strength, phase 4- return to sport activity

Reassessing/establishing goals between therapist/patient

Assess, interpret, establish gold, develop plan, reassess & adjust as needed

HMO & PPO - what they stand for & what is the difference

HMO- Health Maintenance Organization

PPO - Preferred Provider Organization

Difference: HMO is referrals, in-network, & more, while PPO is no referrals, in or out of network, & less