Final Exam 12-15

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25 Terms

1

What are the three meanings of healthcare costs?

Price of services, national expenditures, and provider costs.

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2

What does 'imperfect market' mean in healthcare?

Services are utilized in an unchecked way, increasing prices.

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3

How does defensive medicine increase costs?

It leads to unnecessary tests and treatments to avoid lawsuits.

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4

What are the five dimensions of access to care?

Accessibility, accommodation, affordability, availability, acceptability.

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5

Differentiate between quality assurance and quality assessment.

Assessment measures quality against a standard; assurance improves quality through continuous efforts.

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6

What is the definition of health policy?

Decisions meant to influence health outcomes and protect citizens.

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7

What are allocative tools in health policy?

Direct provision of income, services, or goods to certain groups.

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8

What is the role of public policies?

To direct or influence actions, behaviors, or decisions.

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9

Name two principal features of U.S. health policy.

Incremental reform and fragmented policies.

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10

How did the ACA aim to expand access to healthcare?

By reducing the number of uninsured and promoting new care models like medical homes.

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11

What forces will shape the future of healthcare?

National debt, economic growth, and employment.

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12

What is patient activation?

A patient’s skills, confidence, and motivation to engage in their own care.

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13

Why is geriatric training important?

To meet the needs of an aging population requiring specialized care.

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14

What is the Focused Factory Model?

Specialized centers for specific conditions to improve efficiency and outcomes.

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15

How does evidence-based medicine improve healthcare?

By combining clinical data with patient input to guide treatment decisions.

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16

What are the components of the Principles of Management Framework?

Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

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17

What is the Efficient Economic Market Theory?

A theory assuming perfect information, zero transaction costs, and free market entry/exit.

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18

What issue does 'Escape Fire' highlight about the U.S. healthcare system?

It is a payment-centered system instead of patient-centered.

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19

How much of U.S. healthcare costs are driven by personal behaviors?

70%.

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20

What health prediction was made in 'Escape Fire'?

Half of Americans will be diabetic or prediabetic within 10 years.

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21

What is Cleveland Clinic known for?

Delivering the best health outcomes in the U.S. at the lowest cost.

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22

What are three factors that lead to cost escalation in healthcare?

Growth of technology, aging population, and defensive medicine.

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23

How does the Affordable Care Act address quality?

By linking payments to quality outcomes and strengthening infrastructure.

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24

What is a major challenge to delivering cost-efficient care?

Balancing quality with affordability.

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25

What are the historic reasons for resistance to changes in healthcare delivery?

High costs, access disparities, and reliance on experimental models.

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