Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

Forebrain divisions

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Diencephalon (between-brain)

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Telencephalon (end-brain)

Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia

Hindbrain

Cerebellum, pons, medulla

Midbrain

Tectum, tegmentum, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, substantia nigra

Cerebrum divisions

cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia

Cerebrum function

Reading, perception, cognition, movement (everything)

Cerebral cortex function

Association, sensory, motor

High functioning: thought, memory, reasoning, language

(outer gray matter)

Limbic system function

Emotion, memory, learning

Basal ganglia

Voluntary movement

(group of nuclei (soma) in the CNS)

Tectum function

(roof) Responsible for processing visual and sensory information that is coming into the brain

Tegmentum function

(body) Responsible for pain, movement and sleep

Cerebellum function

Fine motor skills and cognition

Medulla Function

Respiration and heart rate

Pons function

Motor control, sensory information and respiration

Thalamus function

relay stations for sensory input

-Directs where sensory info needs to go

Hypothalamus Function

Homeostasis and regulating hormones from the pituitary gland

inferiror colliculus

Functions in hearing

Superior colliculus

Processes visual sensory input

Dura mater

Thick memebrane on the outside of the brain - serves as protection for the brain

Gyrus

A ridge of the brain and provides more surface area for tissues

Sulcus

Small grooves in the brain that provide more surface area for tissues

Longitudinal fissure

Deep grove in the middle of the brain that separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Cranial nerve I

• Olfactory nerve

• Smell

Cranial nerve II

• Optic nerve

• Vision

Cranial nerve III

• Ocular motor nerve

• Control of eye movements & pupil constriction

Cranial nerve IV

• Trochlear nerve

• Eye movements

Cranial nerve V

• Trigimenal nerve

• Skin sensations from most of face

• Control of jaw muscles for chewing & swallowing

Cranial nerve VI

• Abducens nerve

• Eye movements

Cranial nerve VII

• Facial nerve

• Crying, facial expressions

• Salivation

• Dilation of head’s blood vessels

• Taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue

Cranial nerve VIII

• Statoacoustic nerve

• Equillibrium & hearing

Cranial nerve IX

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue and throat

• Controls swallowing

• Salivation

• Throat movements during speech

Cranial nerve X

• Vagus nerve

• Controls oesophagus, larynx, parasympathetic nerves to stomach, intestines

Cranial nerve XI

• Accessory nerve

• Control neck & shoulder movement

Cranial nerve XII

• Hypoglossal nerve

• Tongue muscle control

The four ventricles

• The two lateral ventricles – in the cerebral hemispheres

• The third ventricle

• The fourth ventricle

Functions of the four ventricles

• Responsible for producing, circulating, and draining the CSF