3. The Tudor and Stuart periods. The role of religion throughout English/British history.

What significant changes did the Tudor period bring to England?

• End of the Middle Ages, beginning of modern times

• Establishment of an absolute monarchy and a state-controlled church

• Transition from feudalism to a more centralized stat

How did the political system change during Tudor period?

• King and Privy Council held absolute power

• Parliament had less influence, especially in the early Tudor reign

• Financial independence of the monarchy through control of trade and taxes

What religious changes occurred during Tudor time?

• Break from the Roman Catholic Church and the establishment of a national church

• The ruler became the supreme head of the church

• Dissolution of the monasteries and redistribution of church wealth

How did religion and politics affect the Stuart period?

• Conflicts between monarchy and Parliament over control and religious authority

• Religious divisions between Anglicans and Puritans contributed to political tension

• The monarchy's attempts at absolutism led to wars with Parliament

What caused the English Civil War?

• Conflicting beliefs about the divine right of kings and Parliament's authority

• Religious tensions, especially with Puritans, who wanted reforms in the church

• Financial disagreements, as the monarch tried to rule without Parliament's consent

What was the outcome of the English Civil War?

• The monarchy was temporarily abolished, and a republic was established

• The King was executed, and the country was led by military leaders

• Eventually, the monarchy was restored, but with a constitutional limit on its power

: What led to the Glorious Revolution?

• Tensions over the monarchy’s Catholicism and attempts to restore absolute power

• Parliament's desire to replace a Catholic monarch with Protestant rulers

• A bloodless transition of power with the invitation of a foreign prince to rule

What did the Bill of Rights (1689) accomplish?

• Limited the powers of the monarchy and gave more control to Parliament

• Established a constitutional monarchy, balancing power between the Crown and Parliament

• Defined rights for citizens and set the foundation for later democratic reforms

What were the early religious practices before Roman influence?

• Indigenous polytheism focused on nature gods and spirits

• Worship was tied to seasons and natural phenomena

How did Christianity begin to spread in England?

• Christianity spread slowly after the Roman occupation, becoming dominant by the 7th century

• Early Anglo-Saxon rulers played key roles in the conversion process

How did the Reformation affect religious practices?

• Creation of the Church of England as a break from Roman Catholicism

• Protestant beliefs gained ground, particularly under the rule of a certain monarch

• Religious tension between Catholic and Protestant factions continued, despite the establishment of the Church of England

How did the Enlightenment influence religion?

• Promoted reason and science over religious dogma

• Led to the rise of Deism, a belief in a rational God

• Non-conformist religious movements, such as Methodism, began to grow

How did religious tolerance evolve over time in Britain?

• The rise of secularism and a decline in the Church of England's influence

• The growth of other religions such as Islam and Hinduism, leading to a more pluralistic society

• Greater religious freedom and the decline of religious authority in everyday life

What is the structure of the Church of England?

• Episcopalian system with bishops and archbishops overseeing the church

• Monarch as the supreme head of the church

• Divided into two main provinces, with dioceses led by bishops

How does the Church of Scotland differ from the Church of England?

• Presbyterian governance, with elected elders instead of bishops

• Independent from government control, unlike the Church of England

• Follows Calvinist doctrines and has strict moral codes

How did religious movements shape society during the Stuart period?

• Conflicts between Puritans and Royalists played a major role in the English Civil War

• Puritanism spread through Parliament, demanding reforms in religion and governance

• The eventual rise of religious tolerance following the Glorious Revolution

Who established absolute monarchy?

Henry Vii

Henry VIII

Balance of power policy

Act of supremacy

made the king the head of the Church

Edward I

Book of common prayer

Mary the Tudor

Attempted to restore the catholiticsm, protestants buurnt

Gunpowder plot

during james I, a failed 1605 agttempt of English Catholics to assassinate King James I in the Parliament

James I

United Eng, and Scotland

Charles I

1629 dissolved parliament

1st Civil war

cavaliers X roundheads, battle of Naseby

who won the 1st civil war?

parliament

2 new parliament parties

independents, presbyterians

2nd civil war

Charles I organized it, Cromwell led the scots and won, made Rump parliament

1654

Cromwell made himself the Lodr protector

1659

Cromwells protectorate dissolved

restorian period

in 1660 Charles II invited from exhile, monarchy restored, king couldnt rule without parliaments consent

1656

the great pleague

1666

the great fire

charles II

pardoned Cromwells supporters, frequent fights between him and parliament

James II

tried to restorate the absolute power

Glorious revolution

Bloodless inheriting thorne (William)