Athletic Training Techniques Final

5 domains of athletic training

- injury/illness prevention and wellness promotion

- examination, assessment, and diagnosis

- immediate and emergency care

- therapeutic intervention

-healthcare administration and professional responsibility

H in HOPS

history

O in HOPS

observation

P in HOPS

Palpation

S in HOPS

special test

S in SOAP

subjective

O in SOAP

objective

A in SOAP

assessment

P in SOAP

Plan

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

FERPA

Family Education Rights and Privacy Act

NCAA guidelines for repeating PPE

every year ; an initial comprehensive one and then an annual one

What organization oversees the certification examination and sees that CEUs are completed?

BOC

What is the most restrictive form of regulation?

licensure

Office Based PPE

a complete health screening done by the athletes family physician

Station Based PPE

A group screening process whereby information for individual athletes is collected at a variety of stations staffed by combination of medical and non-medical personnel, usually in the context of a school environment

What type of bone is a femur

long bone

Which of the following would be fibrous cartilage

disc

The ACL is what type of true ligament

intracapsular ligament

Which cell type makes up tendons?

fibroblasts

Which type of muscle contraction results int he movement of fixed weight?

isotonic

Macrocycle

longest timeframe in periodized training program; six months to 1 year; goals are long-term and require multiple steps to be achieved

Microcycle

shortest timeframe in a periodized training program; 1-4 weeks long; short-term goals designed to be steps to overall goal of mesocycle

Periodization

division of training program into smaller; progressive stages

SAID Principle

Specific Adaptions to Imposed Demands; the body will adapt to the demands placed on it; also called the principle of specificity

What is the purpose of a warm-up? What is included?

The purpose of warm-up is to prepare the body for exercise/movement; It includes exercises that warm the muscles and exercises that put the body through it's ROM

In a general population how much caloric intake should be carbs, proteins, or fats?

60-70% carbs

10-15% proteins

20-30% fats

Water Soluble Vitamins

B and C

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A, D, E, K

What is the minimal body fat percentage for female athletes?

10-20%

Components of PPE

-medical hx

- phsycial exam

- cardiovascular screening

- ortho screening

-wellness screening

- maturating assessment

Injury prevention key principles

- increase poor levels of fitness

- effective protective equipment

- play within rules

- individualized/sport-specific programs

Agonist

muscle producing movement; quad contract to produce knee extension

Antagonist

muscle undergoing stretch during movement; hamstring will stretch during knee extension

Isometric Contraction

no length change during contraction

pro-good for rehab

con-only works at one point in ROM

Concentric Isotonic Contraction

shortening of muscle with contraction in an effort to overcome more resistance

Eccentric Isotonic Contraction

lengthening of muscle with contraction because load is greater than force being produced

Isokinetic Contraction

specialized machine; speed is constant, resistance variable

Simplest form of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Complex carbohydrates

polysaccharids

glycogen, starch, and cellulose

Simple Sugars

Disaccharides; lactose, sucrose, and maltose

Stretch Reflex

muscle is placed on stretch

- muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs fire relaying info to spinal cord

- spinal cord relays to Golgi tendon and increase tension

- after 6 seconds Golgi tendon organs relay signal for muscle tension to decrease

Ballistic

bouncing stretching

Dynamic Stretching

mimic muscle activity during sport, prior to activityFIMS

Static Stretching

passive stretching, point of pain and back off hold for 30 seconds

International Federation of Sport Medicine

FIMS

American Academy of Family Physicians

AAFP

National Athletic Trainers Association

NATA

American College of Sports Medicine

ACSM

American Orthopedic Society and Sports Medicine

AOSSM

National Strength and Conditioning Association

NSCA

American Physical Therapy Association

APTA

National Academy of Sports Medicine

NASM

Strength Program Design

Overload; SAID prinicple, most critical component of developing strength.

Consistency; program must be performed 2x/week

Progression; get more difficult

Intensity; amount of resistance/reps/time should encourage overload

Specificity; mimic desired outcomes

What does sweat loss cause?

Decrease in muscle strength, coordination, endurance and increases risk of cramps

dehydration symptoms

Dry mouth, thirst, irritation, headache, dizziness, fatigue, reduced physical performance and cramps

Preventing dehydration

Monitor weight; fluid loss for each 1lbs lost drink 1 pint of fluid

Hydrate intake before and after practice

Encourage extra fluid intake several days before event

What do carbohydrates do?

Provide energy reserve and prevents muscle fatigue

ALL carbs produce?

4 kcal/gram

How many amino acids are required in the body?

20; but 8 cannot be synthesized by the body and must be ingested

All forms of fat provide?

9 kcal/gram

Supplements and Ergogenic Aids are divided into?

2 categories:

Legal - caffeine, creatine, amino acids, vitamins

Illegal - anabolic steroids, EPO, and some supplements that are banned by the NCAA and IOC

Body Weight and Body Fat (M/W)

Body fat:

Men; 15-18%

Women; 20-25%

Athlete Body fat:

Men; 5-12%

Women; 10-20%

autogenic inhibition

relaxation of antagonist muscle during contractions

reciprocal inhibition

The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place

Propioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

Slow-reversal hold

Contract relax

Hold relax