Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cells

contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Nucleus

center of the cell that contains DNA and directs ribosome synthesis

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes

Chromatin

mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in cells

Ribosomes

translate genetic material into proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

can be smooth or rough (without or with ribosomes)

can make phospholipids and digestive proteins

Golgi Apparatus

folds proteins into usable shapes

Vacuole

stores water, ions, and nutrients

plant cells (one central vacuole)

animal cells (multiple smaller vacuoles)

Lysosomes

trash cans of the cells

take away waste

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell

does cellular respiration

turns glucose into ATP

Cytoskeleton

microfilaments and tubules that maintain the structure of the cell

Chloroplasts

in plants

where photosynthesis occurs

Cell Wall

outside the cell membrane

keeps a rigid structure

Cell Membrane

phospholipid bilayer that is semi-permeable (allows some things to pass through)

Cytoplasm

gel that cell organelles float in

Prokaryotic Cells

lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Flagellum

tail used for movement

Nucleoid

DNA that floats in the cell

Cell Membrane

phospholipid bilayer that is semi-permeable (allows some things through)

Capsule

outside the cell membrane

protects the cell

Ribosomes

translate genetic material into proteins

Pilus

small hair like structure on the outside of the cell