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Test Review
Structuralism
Understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Who established structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is Introspection?
Examining your own consciousness as objectively as possible
What is Functionalism?
How an organisms mental activities helped it adapt
Who established functionalism?
William James
Who did William James get his ideas from, to start his own idea of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is the psychoanalytic theory?
that an interaction between the unconscious and conscious is where psychological problems stem from
Who established the psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud
What is Gestalt psychology?
Psychology that focuses on all the parts of a human, instead of breaking down the behaviors and traits into parts
What does Gestalt mean?
Whole
Who established the ideas of Gestalt psychology?
Wertheimer, Koffka, and Kohler
Why did Gestalt psychology never really get established in America?
Because most of the research and equipment were left behind in Germany when they fled from the Nazi Regime, and so it was difficult and not possible to preform large scale studies.
What is behaviorism?
The psychology behind controlling or changing conscious behaviors
Who were some of the most fundamental behaviorists?
Pavlov, Skinner, and Watson
How did Pavlov experiment with behaviorism?
He would establish an innate reflex in an animal to a certain stimuli, and he would train the animals reflexes to react to a completely different stimuli from the original
How did Skinner experiment with behaviorism?
Skinner would put a mouse into an operant chamber with a button and a lever, and for example if the button was pushed food would be released. But if the lever was pushed a loud noise would come from a speaker within the box. This would slowly teach the muse to want to push the button, and not the lever thus changing its behavior.
What is Humanism?
emphasizes that in psychology there is potential good within all humans
Who were some integral humanistic psychologists?
Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers
What did Maslow establish?
The Maslow hierarchy of needs
What did the maslow hierarchy of needs depict?
Depicted that there are needs that need to be met, before others can be. That a human must need food, water, shelter, and warmth before social and security needs can be met.
what did Carl Rogers establish?
Established client centered therapy
What were the three things a therapist has to have to preform client centered therapy?
Unconditional positive regard
genuineness
empathy
How did client centered therapy work?
Carl Rogers believed all people could work out there own problems if a therapist had all three traits of:
unconditional positive regard
genuineness
empathy
What was the cognitive revolution?
when new interdisciplinary subjects started to arise such as linguistics and computer sciences, psychology was then shifted to focus on the mind again in a more scientific way.
Who was very influential in the Cognitive Revolution?
Noam Chomsky
What did Noam Chomsky believe?
He believed that just focusing on behaviors without scientifically studying the mental functioning wouldn’t allow psychology to produce work of much value.
Who was the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn
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