BIOL 2113 Lab Exam 3 – Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering bone cells, composition, markings, bone types, and micro-anatomy for BIOL 2113 Lab Exam 3.

Osteogenic Cells

Bone stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

Cells that build new bone matrix

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix and reside in lacunae

Osteoclasts

Large cells that break down bone matrix during remodeling and calcium release

Collagen Fibers

Organic component of bone providing flexibility and tensile strength

Hydroxyapatite

Inorganic calcium-phosphate crystals giving bone its hardness and compressive strength

Fontanel

Soft spot in the infant skull allowing birth compression and brain growth

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone serving as a muscle or ligament attachment

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle for muscle or ligament attachment

Line

Narrow ridge of bone smaller than a crest

Process

Any bony prominence

Spine

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Trochanter

Large, irregularly shaped projection (found only on femur)

Tubercle

Small, rounded projection

Tuberosity

Large, rough, rounded projection

Condyle

Rounded projection that articulates with another bone

Facet

Smooth, flat articular surface

Head

Expanded, often rounded end of a bone carried on a narrow neck

Ramus

Arm-like bar of bone or flattened extension from the body

Canal

Tube-like passage through a bone

Fissure

Narrow, irregular opening

Foramen

Round or oval hole in a bone

Groove

Narrow furrow housing a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Notch

Indentation at the edge of a structure

Body (of Bone)

Main central portion of a bone

Fossa

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone

Meatus

Canal-like passageway

Neck

Narrowed region at one end of a long bone

Sinus

Air-filled cavity within a bone lined by mucous membrane

Wing

Flat, often curved region extending from a bone

Compact Bone

Dense outer bone layer containing osteons; strong and weight-bearing

Spongy Bone

Porous inner bone with trabeculae; houses red marrow

Long Bone

Bone longer than wide, e.g., femur

Short Bone

Cube-shaped bone, e.g., carpal

Flat Bone

Thin, curved bone, e.g., rib or skull bone

Irregular Bone

Complexly shaped bone, e.g., vertebra

Sesamoid Bone

Small, round bone within a tendon, e.g., patella

Osteon

Structural unit of compact bone composed of concentric lamellae around a central canal

Central (Haversian) Canal

Channel in an osteon containing blood vessels and nerves

Lamellae

Concentric rings of bone matrix in an osteon

Lacunae

Small cavities housing osteocytes

Canaliculi

Tiny channels connecting lacunae for cell communication

Perforating (Volkmann’s) Canals

Transverse canals linking adjacent central canals across osteons