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Enteric nervous system
Nervous system found in the intestinal tract.
Grey matter in CNS
Neural integration and synaptic communication.
Depolarization
A change in a cell's membrane potential where it becomes more positive.
Hyperpolarization
A change in a cell's membrane potential where it becomes more negative.
Temporal summation
When a weak stimulus is released in rapid succession, it will often reach threshold.
Optic chiasm
Ganglion cells from the nasal portion of the retina cross over while ganglion cells from the temporal portion stay on the same side.
Paramital tract
Neural pathway that provides for the control of fine, discrete movements of the extremities.
Hyperpolarization
What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels of an ion of equilibrium potential of -80mV open.
Axon
The portion of the neuron where action potentials propagate.
Oligodendrocytes
Type of cell that enhances the velocity of electrical transmission of action potential along an axon in the CNS by creating myelin sheath.
Electrochemical forces
At resting membrane potential, the force on sodium is to move in, and the force on potassium is to move out.
Graded potential
A subthreshold change in membrane potential within the cell that decays as it travels away from the point of origin.
Absolute refractory period
The state during which the majority of voltage gated sodium channels are closed and incapable of opening.
Opening of chloride channels
What the binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor at an inhibitory synapse can lead to.
Ligand gated channels
Type of ion channels in the membrane of neurons that open and close in response to a neurotransmitter binding to its receptor.
Axon hillock
Where an action potential originates and travels along the axon until it reaches the axon terminal.
Graded potentials
Potentials that dissipate in size as the potential moves away from the site of initiation.
Huntington disease
A dominant genetic disorder that causes exaggerated involuntary jerking motions and progressive dementia, primarily affecting the nuclei basal.
Beta waves
Pattern of high frequency, low amplitude oscillations seen when awake and alert.
Alpha waves
Pattern of low frequency, high amplitude oscillations seen when awake but resting.
Convergence of visceral and somatic afferent
How pain signals from visceral receptors are referred to the body's surface.
Resting membrane potential
Most neurons have a resting membrane potential of -70 mV.
Aspartate
An amino acid neurotransmitter at excitatory synapses.
Glycine
An amino acid neurotransmitter at inhibitory synapses.
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system that have opposite effects on the organs they innervate.
Interneurons
Function class of neurons that account for 99% of neurons.
Cross extensor reflex
In response to stepping on a nail, it causes extension of the leg opposite of the receptor application.
Function of sleep
Clearing short term memory has not been proposed as a function of sleep.
Multipolar
Structure classification of neurons composed of a single axon and a number of dendrites.
Serotonin
A biogenic amine that is not classified as a catecholamine.
Cochlea
Where the transduction of sound waves into neural impulses occurs.
