Funeral service Counseling (including psych)

SMH

theory - any time someone helps someone else w/ a problem

Jackson

theory   – good communication between men. Good communication within and between men always therapeutic

Rogers

theory  – a therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy persons. A counselors clients are encouraged to seek assistance before they develop neurotic, psychotic, or characterological disorders. ( any not reasonably healthy persons need therapy, NOT this)

Ohlsen

theory - advice, especially that given as a result of consultation

Webster

Informational Counseling

-          counseling where counselor shares special body of special information to counselee

Situational counseling

-          refers to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering

Psychotherapy

-          – intervention w/ people who’s needs are so specific they usually can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. Deeper levels of consciousness

Directive

 counselor takes an active speaking roll, asking questions, suggesting courses of action

Non-Directive

-          includes any type of counseling in which the counselor does not offer any direct advice or direction, but encourages client to speak freely

Person Centered

(aka Client Centered) -          counseling non-directive method of counseling that stresses inherent worth of client and natural capacity for growth and health

Standard grief time? why?

No time limit, but generally a year is the minimum. You are going through all of the ‘firsts’

Who theorized specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions? Term for this?

Worden 4 tasks of mourning

Complicated grief

extending over a log period of time without resolution – unresolved, chronic, can come from sudden or unexpected deaths

Worden 4 tasks of mourning list

o   Accept the reality of the loss

o   Experience pain of grief

o   Adjust to an environment where deceased is missing

o   Emotionally relocate deceased and move on

Worden’s counseling principles and procedures – 10 items

o   Actualize loss

o   Identify and express feelings

o   Assist living without them

o   Facilitate emotional withdrawal

o   Provide time to grieve

o   Recognize normal behavior

o   Allow differences

o   Provide continuing support

o   Examine defense mechanisms

o   Identify pathology and refer - Gatekeeper role

  Ways FD facilitate grief – worden

o   Fulfilling their responsibility of counseling during entire service

o   Following up post funeral w/ counseling

o   Providing contacts for family with other support groups

o   Providing service in teaching people about grief and healthy grieving by sponsoring programs

Wolfelt - Characteristics of the Effective FD

Empathy, respect, warmth and caring, genuineness

Empathy

ability to perceive another persons experience and communicate

Respect

the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

Warmth and Caring

o   ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal communication

Genuineness

the ability to present oneself sincerely

Important points of contact

o   Initial contact

o   Communication between initial contact and arrangements

o   Arrangement conference

o   Coordination of service details

o   Funeral rite

o   Post-funeral follow-up

o   Aftercare

John Bowlby Theory

Attachment theory - o   Gives us a way to understand the tendency to create strong affectional bonds with others and a way to understand the strong reaction when the bonds are threatened

   Lindemann – characteristics of normal or acute grief

o   Somatic/bodily distress

o   Preoccupation with image of deceased

o   Guilt

Engel

Theory that mourning a death is like healing a physical wound

Physical sensations

  hollowness in stomach, tightness in chest/throat, oversensitive to noise, dry mouth, etc.

Cognitions

disbelief, confusion, preoccupation, sense of presence, hallucinations

Behaviors

physical actions – sleep/appetite disturbances, dreams of deceased, social withdrawal, sighing, restlessness, treasuring objects

Kubler-Ross 5 stages of Grief

DABDA - denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

7 Mediators of Mourning - Worden

o   Who the person who died was

o   The nature of the attachment

o   How the person died

o   Historical antecedents

o   Personality variables

o   Social variables

o   Concurrent stress

Culture

the rules, ideas, and beliefs shared by members of society of and for living and dying which are learned directly and indirectly

Bereavement

an event initiating the mourning process

Grief

A set of emotions that come with loss

Mourning

Process of handling a loss

Respect

The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

Empathy

The ability to perceive another’s experience and communicate that perception back to the person describes

Bowlby

This Psychologist/Psychiatrist/Counselor believed in the attachment theory

Lindemann

This Psychologist/Psychiatrist/Counselor expressed the concept of “anticipatory grief”

Parkes

The Psychologist/Psyciatrist/Counselor that said grief was a transition, not a life crisis

Freud

This Psychologist/Psychiatrist/Counselor was the first to theorize  that Grief was Work:

Psychological

Internal factors influencing grief would be considered

Theory that  the absence of  greif is abnormal, it is expected following a loss, not just death.

Rando

Anticipatory Grief

Because this type of death is usually long and drawn out for those left behind, loved ones have mourned prior to loss

Another way to express the words bereavement, grief, and mourning is

Event, Emotion, Process

What is a generally accepted cultural response toward death

Death denial

In research about children and death, psychologists found that commonly children drew death

As a scene at a cemetery

In general, the elderly or geriatric group have what opinion on death

Have a greater acceptance of death as a real part of life

View of death For individuals in their midlife years

Death of a parent or parents may result in feelings of loss of the past

Regardless of the child’s age….

Children develop an understanding of death which can be affected by their developmental stage, personality, life experiences, and emotional support

example of where an extended family might be found

Native American Reservation

Examples of a hospice "core team" would include

Patient, doctor, clergy, volunteer

Euthanasia is usually synonymous with

Mercy Killing

The actual rendering of a life-shortening agent would be considered

Active euthanasia

Euthinasia has raised what type of questions

Philisophical, medical, and legal

Sudden deaths are more________ to grieve than other more ____________ deaths.

Difficult, expected

When you reality-test the guilt of a survivor of a sudden death you are

Dissuading the person from taking the blame

Suicide is the ultimate act of _______________________

Control

The emotion usually follows the suicide for those left behind

Blame

Whats the most difficult type of loss a person can grieve

Suicide

This grief theorist had a 6th characteristic of grief that included developing the traits of the deceased.  

Bowlby

This grief theorist simplified Lindemann's 5 characteristics to 4

Wolfelt

This grief theorist suggests there are 6 "stages" of grief-3 soon after death and 3 much later after the loss.  

Engel

The purpose of the mourning process is: 

To realize the person has died

Emotional grief reactions scale with what

Are often more intense due to the trauma of death

Who suggested grief was a painful process and involves the libido

Freud

Who suggested the concepts of delayed grief and anticipatory grief

Lindemann

Who developed the hospice movement

Cicely Saunders

Grief that interferes with normal life functions without progressing towards resolution describes

Complicated Grief

Grief that is inhibited, suppressed or postponed response to a loss

Delayed

Sociology can be defined as: 

The study of social groups

Enculturalization

The process by which an individual member of society learns its social values is called

Which type of death is the least acknowledged in society

Death due to abortion

Customs

Dictated by the tradition(s) of the people in society

Mores

Must behaviors based on religion

Taboos

Require the individual to abstain from committing certain acts

Folkways

Behaviors that are seen as less compulsory than mores

Laws

Must behaviors, not necessarily a basic or important pattern developed by the people, but enforced by the government

subculture

A smaller identifiable unit within a society, having unique characteristics, but still connected to society as a whole

Cultural universal

Common traits found in every culture

Cultural relativism

Has become more prevalent with the advent of the Internet, Reflects the attitude that all cultures of the world are valuable and important, Gives people the sense of a "global community"

The family/family unit are responsible for:

Enculturalization/socialization, Caring for other family members, Teaching and maintaining discipline

Feelings of extreme sadness or anguish following a loss-specifically a death-

Sorrow

When parents lose a child to death, they typically feel that they have lost….

Their future

A family government structure that is ruled equally by a father and mother

Egalitarian