DNA Replication
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16 Terms
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
How does DNA replicate?
Semi-conservative DNA replication
Which is heavier, N-16 or N-12?
N-16
Who proved that DNA replicated via semi-conservative replication?
Meselson and Stahl
What did Meselson and Stahl use to prove that DNA replicated via semi-conservative replication?
A centrifuge
Where would DNA containing only light nitrogen (e.g. N-12) settle in the centrifuge?
In a band near the top
Where would DNA containing only heavy nitrogen (e.g. N-16) settle in the centrifuge?
In a band near the bottom
Where would DNA containing a mix of light nitrogen and heavy nitrogen settle in the centrifuge?
In a band in the middle of the light nitrogen only band and the heavy nitrogen only band
Describe the process of semi-conservative DNA replication.
DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, breaking the two strands apart. They now act as template strands
Free-floating DNA nucleotides are attracted to bases on the template strands via complementary base pairing (adenine to thymine, guanine to cytosine)
DNA polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides together, using a condensation reaction to form phosphodiester bonds
Hydrogen bonds reform between the two strands behind DNA polymerase
What do the two DNA strands act as after they have been broken apart in semi-conservative replication?
Template strands
What are you left with at the end of semi-conservative DNA replication?
Two 100% identical DNA molecules which coil to form two helixes
Which features of DNA make it ideal for semi-conservative DNA replication?
Bases that form complementary pairs
Two strands in each DNA molecule
Strands held together by hydrogen bonds
Why does having bases that form complementary pairs make DNA ideal for semi-conservative DNA replication?
It ensures replication is accurate
Why does having two strands in every molecule make DNA ideal for semi-conservative DNA replication?
Each strand can act as a template for DNA replication
Why does having hydrogen bonds between strands make DNA ideal for semi-conservative DNA replication?
Hydrogen bonds can be easily broken during replication to form two separate template strands
Why is DNA replication described as being semi-conservative?
Each of the new DNA molecules contains one original DNA strand and one new DNA strand