naming hydrocarbons

cl

chloro

br

bromo

fl

fluro

iodo

CH3…

methyl

C2H5..

ethyl

C3H7

propyl

empirical form ethane

CH3

molecular form ethane

CH3CH3

what representation

ethane: structural

condense formula ethane

CH3-CH3 H3C—-—CH3

what gets the lowest number in an alkene

double bond

always number the bond double or triple for alkanes and alkenes

yes

side changes are name as

akyl groups (methyl, ethyl)

structural isomers

when there are several carbons in the alkane and you start to connect the atoms in different ways

isomers

compounds within the same molecular formula but different structural formula

isomerism in alkanes: geometric isomer: staggered conformation

more stable, atoms are more spaced out

1-Chloro-propane

isomerism geometric isomers eclipsed

less stable, atoms overlap more- right one

4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylhexane

isomerism in alkenes: structural isomers

structural isomers have different connectivity of atoms

3-methylcyclopent-1-ene

4-methylcyclopent-1-ene

The presence of the double bond in alkenes adds another

factor to isomerism and to naming the substance

The location of the double bond is given to the

lowest carbon number in the chain

C=C bond cannot?..

rotate

The groups at the end of the restricted bond must be (isomerism in alkenes.

different

cis-but-2-ene

trans-but-2-ene

naming alkenes and alkynes: identify, number, suffix

identify the longest chain containing bond, number with multiple bond at lowest number, suffix ene or yne

But-1-ene

Pent-1,3-diene

if more than one double/triple bond use

-diene or -triene and number positions of each bond

2,2-dichlorohex-3-ene.

cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes add__ and number

add cyclos before the root name and number the ring starting from the multiple bond or substituent

Cyclohexane

1-methylcyclopentene

4-bromo-3-chlorocyclopent-1-ene or

4-bromo-3-chlorocyclopentene

aromatic compounds are named like a normal cyclic hydrocarbon however

the base name is benzene

1,3-dimethylbenzene

chlorobenzene

If two substituents in naming aromatic compounds use

ortho (1,2) meta (1,3) para (1,4)

ortho, meta, para

1,2-Dibromo-4-nitrobenzene

1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

non

9

dec

10

hept

7

prop

3

but

4

meth

1