Organelles and Cells

Living Systems

what is an organelle and how is it similar to an organ in the body

An organelle is a specialized, membrane-enclosed structure within a cell that preforms a specific - similar to how an organ preforms a function in the body

Why do cells benefit from having specialized organelles

They increase efficiency by isolating processes, multitasking, and creating specific environments for energy production, protein folding, and waste disposal

What is golgi apparatus responsible for

It packages and processes proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum for movement in or out of the cell

what does the endoplasmic reticulum do

It’s involved in protein and lipid synthesis

Why does the human body need many types of differentiated cells 

Because different genes turn on/off in different cells , creating unique proteins and functions for each cell type

What is differential gene expression

It’s when different genes are activated in different cells, causing them to specialize and preform different functions 

What do podocytes do

Prevent plasma proteins from entering urine by creating a filtration barrier around capillaries

What do mesangial cells do

They are smooth muscle-like cells that regulate blood flow in the glomerulus and produce growth factors and cytokines

What does the distal tube do

Reasorbs ions( sodium, calcium,etc) , maintains acid- base balanceand controls electrolytes

What are urothelial and what's their role

Transitional epithelial cells that form a stretchable barrier in the bladder, protecting it from urine and allowing it to expand and contract

What does epithelial tissue do

Forms protective boundaries and controls what passes in/out; lines urinary tract surfaces

What does connective tissue do

Holds body parts together, provides insulation, and protects urinary organs; has space between cells filled with matrix proteins 

What does muscle tissue do

Has fiber that contract and relax, allowing movement of urine through the urinary system 

What does nervous tissue do

sends and receives electrical and chemical signals to coordinate urination and other body functions

what happens during mitosis

A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells to grow and repair tissue, increasing the total number of cells