rad- limits landmarks

radiographic view are taken ?

orthogonally

orthogonally def:

at a 90 degree angle

right lateral body cavity, marker placement?

cranially, right marker used

VD or DV body cavity, marker placement?

cranially, matching side of pt marker used

right stifle Cr/Cd, marker placement?

lateral side of joint, right marker used

lateral left elbow, marker placement?

cranially, left marker used

order of letters in body cavity labeling

• first letter is where x-ray beam enters body

• second letter is where it leaves the body

limits

parts of the body not necessarily seen or felt but are the desired edges of the body part that needs to be included in the primary beam

landmarks

part of the body you can see or palpate to make sure the primary beam includes proper limits for that body part

thorax taken during

pt inspiration

abdomen taken during

pt expiration

thorax limits- cranial/caudal

• Cr- thoracic inlet

• Cd- diaphragm

thorax limits- dorsal/ventral

• D- thoracic vertebrae

• V- sternum

thorax landmarks- cranial/caudal

• Cr- manubrium

• Cd- xiphoid process

thorax landmarks- dorsal/ventral

• D- dorsal spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

• V- sternum

abdomen limits- cranial/caudal

• Cr- diaphragm

• Cd- pelvic inlet

abdomen limits- dorsal/ventral

• D- lumbar vertebrae

• V- belly wall

abdomen landmarks- cranial/caudal

• Cr- xiphoid process

• Cd- greater trochanter (iliac crest)

abdomen landmarks- dorsal/ventral

• D- dorsal spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae

• V- belly wall

pelvis limits

• Cr- pelvic inlet

• Cd- tuber ischii

pelvis landmarks

• Cr- iliac crest

• Cd- tuber ischii

cervical spine limits

• Cr- C1

• Cd- C7

cervical spine landmarks

• Cr- wings of atlas

• Cd- dorsal tip of scapula

thoracic spine limits

• Cr- T1

• Cd- T13

thoracic spine landmarks

• Cr- first rib, spinous process

• Cd- last rib, spinous process

lumbar spine limits

• Cr- L1

• Cd- L7

lumbar spine landmarks

• Cr- last rib

• Cd- illiac crest

T/L junction limits

• Cr- T11

• Cd- L2

T/L junction landmarks

• Cr- 9th rib

• Cd- illiac crest

joint limits

• 1/3 of bone above joint

• 1/3 of bone below joint

hanging lateral body cavities

• head to the left

• dorsal aspect to the top

hanging V/D and D/V

• cranial aspect to top

• right side of pt to your left

hanging extremities

• proximal aspect at the top

radiology right

everything is view as if we are nose to nose with our pt