War for Texas Independence and the Mexican American War

These flashcards cover key concepts from the War for Texas Independence, the Mexican American War, and the westward expansion during the 19th century.

What was a major reason for U.S. settlers to come to Texas in the 1830s?

Mexico allowed U.S. settlers to settle in the land now known as Texas.

What event prompted Texas to declare independence in 1836?

The Mexican president threatened the institution of slavery.

What were the key battles during the Texas War for Independence?

The Alamo and the Battle of San Jacinto.

What disputed boundaries contributed to the Mexican American War?

The U.S. claimed the Rio Grande as the border, while Mexico claimed the Nueces River.

What was President Polk's role in the Mexican American War?

He sent U.S. troops to occupy the disputed border area after Mexico refused to meet with U.S. diplomats.

Why did Congress initially refuse to annex Texas?

Fear of starting a war with Mexico and opposition to expanding slavery.

What was Polk's campaign slogan regarding the Oregon Territory?

'54-40 or Fight!'

What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

It established peace between Mexico and the United States after the Mexican American War.

What did the Mexican Cession entail?

Mexico ceded 500,000 square miles of land to the U.S. in exchange for $15 million.

Who was Zachary Taylor and why was he significant?

A War Hero nominated by the Whig Party for President after the Mexican American War.

What was the Gadsden Purchase?

In 1853, the U.S. acquired 30,000 square miles of land from Mexico for $10 million.

What concept promoted the expansion of the U.S. from coast to coast?

Manifest Destiny.

What was one effect of westward expansion on Native Americans?

Native Americans were forced off of their land.

Who were the '49ers'?

People who flocked to California during the 1849 California Gold Rush.

What was the Pony Express?

A mail service that used individual horse riders to deliver messages quickly across the country.

What was the purpose of the Homestead Act of 1862?

To give settlers 160 acres of free land if they lived on it for at least five years.

What major transportation development shortened travel time across the U.S.?

The Transcontinental Railroad.