test 2 molds and mush

Fungi

Pathogens that break things down

True Fungi

kingdom Mycota, includes ascomycota, basidiomycota, zygomycota, chytridiomycota

OOmycota

Belong to kingdom stramenopila

Oomycetes

Not true fungi, closely related to brown algae

Characteristics of Oomycota

production of thick walled sexual oospores

Production of mobule flagellate asexual spores

Asexual, clonal, zoospores

Differences of Oomycetes and True Fungi

• derive from algae

• Cell walls have cellulose not chitin

• nuclei are diploid not haploid

• no septa

• zoospores have 2 flagella

• lysine synth achieved like plants

• ultrastructure of mitochondria ;ike plants

Koch’s postulate

1. Microorganism must be present in every case of the disease

2. must be isolated and grown in pure culture

3. pure culture in animals must reproduce disease

4. microorganism must be recovered from dead animal

Antheridium

male

Oogonium

Female

Potato Blight

Phythphthora Infestans

Wheat Rust

Puccinia Gramminis

Wheat Rust Alternate Host

Barberry

Stage 0

• on barberry

• haploid

• spermogonia

Stage I

• on barberry

• dikaryotic

• aeciospores

• on barberry

• transfer stage

Stage 2

• urediospores

• repeating stage

• on wheat

Stage 3

• teliospores

• on wheat

• site of karyogamy

Stage 4

Basidiospores

Transfer stage

undergoes meiosis

Why rust spores can travel so far

They have thick pigmented walls that prevent UV rays and drying

Coffee Rust

Hemileia Vasatrix

Soybean Rust

Phakopsora Pachyrizi

Phakopsora Meibomide

Premie loss of filiage’alt host Kudzu

Smut

Basidiomycota

produces basidia and basidiospores from germination of the teliospore

seed borne

Chestnut Blight

Chryphonectria Parasitica

Dutch Elm Disease

Ophiostoma Ulmi

Sudden Oak Death

Phythphora Ranarum

White Nose Syndrome

Pseudogymnaucacus Destructans

Frosty Pod Rot

Moniliophthora Penisciosa

Superficial Cutaneous

• dandruff, Malassezia Furfur, pityriasis versicolor

• dermatohpytosis

• candidiadis

Subcutaneous

• sporotrichosis

Systemic Mycoses

• histoplpasmosis

• coccidiomycosis

Secondary Metabolite

products of metabolism that are not essential for normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism

Turkey-X Disease

aspergillus flavus on peanut meal

Zearelenone

mimics estrogen causes malformation of female reproductive organs

Fusarium Monoliforme

Throat cancer, hole in head disease

Deoxynivalenol, DON

vomitoxin

Tricotheces

Corn and cereal grain

Ergot of Rye

disease in grasses

Alkaloids formed

Ergotamine

Ergovine

Lysergic Acid

Germ Theory

microbes are responsible for dosease

Penicillin

Compound

Penicillum

Fungus

Griseofulvin

fungi static antibiotic

Microtubule

Used to separate chromosomes in cell formation

Cyclosporin

• immuno-modulator

• ascomycete

Aspergillus Niger

BeanO

Ganoderma Lucidum

Reishi Mushroom

Lentinula Shiitake

Shiitake Mushroom