2.1 Unbiased and objective data

Fill in the blank: Bias is a ___ preference in favor of or against a person group of people or thing.

A. Fair or unfair

B. Conscious or subconscious

C. Standard or substandard

D. Sensible or insensible

B. Conscious or subconscious

Which of the following are examples of sampling bias? Select all that apply.

A. A teacher gives higher grades to essays written in their own writing style

B. A clinical study includes three times more men than women

C. A survey of student students does not include homeschooled students

D. An election pole, only interviews people with college degrees

B. A clinical study includes three times more men than women

C. A survey of student students does not include homeschooled students

D. An election pole, only interviews people with college degrees

What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs?

A. Interpretation bias

B. Sampling bias

C. Confirmation bias

D. Observer bias

C. Confirmation bias

Which of the following terms are also ways of describing observer bias? Select all that apply.

A. Research bias

B. Spectator bias

C. Experimenter bias

D. Perception bias

A. Research bias

C. Experimenter bias