S2 L5-Control: homeostasis and the Endocrine system

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33 Terms

1

What is homeostasis?

A dynamic process mailing the internal environment, within defined limits, irrespective of the external environment.

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2

How is homeostasis maintained?

By the interaction of the receptor, control centre and effector

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3

How does homeostatic imbalance occur?

When the receptor, effector and control centre fail to respond appropriately

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4

Homeostatic imbalance is a major contributory factor in the development of many…. And the ageing process?

Diseases, the ageing process

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5

What is negative feedback in homeostasis?

When a air bale triggers a counter acting response in order to go back to a set point, to keep homeostasis.

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6

What is positive feedback in homeostasis?

The variable is intensified to make deviation greater.

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7

What does the endocrine system do?

Senses and reacts appropriately to changes inside and outside the body.

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8

What is William Baylis known for?

  • The Brown Dog Affair

  • “Neurone or “neuron”

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9

What are the main endocrine glands?

  • Pineal gland

  • Pituitary gland (posterior and anterior)

  • Thyroid gland

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10

What does the Pineal Gland do?

  • Produces melatonin

  • Important for sleep patterns

  • Regulation of reproductive hormones

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11

What does the posterior Pituitary gland do?

produces 2 hormones

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic (ADH) hormone

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12

What does the anterior pituitary gland do?

Produce 5 different types of hormones

  • Growth hormone (GH)

  • Prolactin (PRL) : produces milk

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) + Luteinizing hormone (LH) : controls production of testosterone and estrogen

  • Thyrotropic hormone (TSH)

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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13

What happens in the thyroid gland?

Produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin hormone

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14

What does the thyroid gland effect?

Effects on metabolism, bone growth and blood calcium

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15

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Behind the thyroid gland

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16

Where does the thymus gland play a major role?

In the immune system

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17

What is the purpose of the thymus gland?

Secretes thymus in, which is essential for T cell formation.

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18

What does the adrenal gland do?

  • produces adrenaline

  • Responds to immediate stress (flight or fight)

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19

What is the function of the pancreas?

Blood glucose regulation

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20

In the pancreas, alpha helix proteins os islets of Langerhans secrete….?

Glucagon

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21

In the pancreas, beta pleated protein sheets os islets of Langerhans secrete….?

Insulin

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22

What are the testes function?

Produces and secretes testosterone

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23

What is a steroid?

Hormones that permanently changes your body.

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24

What is testosterone important for?

For the development of male sex characteristics

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25

What do the ovaries produce?

Produces oestrogen and progesterone

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26

What is the hormone human chorionic gonadrotrophin?

First hormone that is produced early on in pregnancy that appears on a pregnancy test.

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27

What does the placenta produce?

Produces hormones temporarily but produces oestrogen and progesterone later on in pregnancy

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28

What can the production of secreting hormones do?

Cause nervous stimulation

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29

What are the 2 types of hormones?

Lipid-soluble and water soluble.

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30

What is n example of a lipid-soluble hormone?

Steroid hormones- that is cholesterol based

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31

Steroid hormone are based on ….. core structure.

Cholesterol

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32

What a re endocrine disorder examples?

  • diabetes

  • Fertility levels

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33
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