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What is homeostasis?
A dynamic process mailing the internal environment, within defined limits, irrespective of the external environment.
How is homeostasis maintained?
By the interaction of the receptor, control centre and effector
How does homeostatic imbalance occur?
When the receptor, effector and control centre fail to respond appropriately
Homeostatic imbalance is a major contributory factor in the development of many…. And the ageing process?
Diseases, the ageing process
What is negative feedback in homeostasis?
When a air bale triggers a counter acting response in order to go back to a set point, to keep homeostasis.
What is positive feedback in homeostasis?
The variable is intensified to make deviation greater.
What does the endocrine system do?
Senses and reacts appropriately to changes inside and outside the body.
What is William Baylis known for?
The Brown Dog Affair
“Neurone or “neuron”
What are the main endocrine glands?
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland (posterior and anterior)
Thyroid gland
What does the Pineal Gland do?
Produces melatonin
Important for sleep patterns
Regulation of reproductive hormones
What does the posterior Pituitary gland do?
produces 2 hormones
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic (ADH) hormone
What does the anterior pituitary gland do?
Produce 5 different types of hormones
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL) : produces milk
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) + Luteinizing hormone (LH) : controls production of testosterone and estrogen
Thyrotropic hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What happens in the thyroid gland?
Produces thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin hormone
What does the thyroid gland effect?
Effects on metabolism, bone growth and blood calcium
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
Behind the thyroid gland
Where does the thymus gland play a major role?
In the immune system
What is the purpose of the thymus gland?
Secretes thymus in, which is essential for T cell formation.
What does the adrenal gland do?
produces adrenaline
Responds to immediate stress (flight or fight)
What is the function of the pancreas?
Blood glucose regulation
In the pancreas, alpha helix proteins os islets of Langerhans secrete….?
Glucagon
In the pancreas, beta pleated protein sheets os islets of Langerhans secrete….?
Insulin
What are the testes function?
Produces and secretes testosterone
What is a steroid?
Hormones that permanently changes your body.
What is testosterone important for?
For the development of male sex characteristics
What do the ovaries produce?
Produces oestrogen and progesterone
What is the hormone human chorionic gonadrotrophin?
First hormone that is produced early on in pregnancy that appears on a pregnancy test.
What does the placenta produce?
Produces hormones temporarily but produces oestrogen and progesterone later on in pregnancy
What can the production of secreting hormones do?
Cause nervous stimulation
What are the 2 types of hormones?
Lipid-soluble and water soluble.
What is n example of a lipid-soluble hormone?
Steroid hormones- that is cholesterol based
Steroid hormone are based on ….. core structure.
Cholesterol
What a re endocrine disorder examples?
diabetes
Fertility levels