Table 11-20 (Goodman): DKA vs Hyperglycemia vs Hypoglycemia

is the ONSET gradual/rapid with DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS (DKA)

gradual onset

what are 9 clinical presentations of DKA

1. headache

2. thirst (very dry mouth)

3. hyperventilation

4. fruity breath odor

5. lethargy/confusion/coma

6. abdominal pain + distention

7. dehydration

8. polyuria (ketones in urine)

9. flushed face

what is the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL associated with DKA

>300 mg/dL

what is the ARTERIAL pH associated with DKA

arterial pH <7.30

what 2 conditions are considered HYPERGLYCEMIA

1. hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)

2. DKA

is the ONSET gradual/rapid with HYPEROSMOLAR, HYPERGLYCEMIC SYNDROME (HHS)

gradual onset

what are 7 clinical presentations of HYPEROSMOLAR, HYPERGLYCEMIC SYNDROME (HHS)

1. extreme thirst (may disappear overtime)

2. polyuria (leading quickly to decreased urine output)

3. volume loss from polyuria (leading quickly to renal insufficiency)

4. severe dehydration

5. lethargy/confusion

6. seizures

7. hallucinations, coma

what is the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL associated with HYPEROSMOLAR, HYPERGLYCEMIC SYNDROME (HHS)

>600 mg/dL

what is the ARTERIAL pH associated with HYPEROSMOLAR, HYPERGLYCEMIC SYNDROME (HHS)

arterial pH >7.30

what condition is considered HYPOGLYCEMIA

insulin shock

is the ONSET gradual/sudden with INSULIN SHOCK

sudden onset

what are 16 clinical presentations associated with INSULIN SHOCK

1. pallor

2. perspiration

3. piloerection

4. increased HR

5. palpitations

6. irritability/nervousness

7. weakness

8. hunger

9. shakiness

10. headache

11. double/blurred vision

12. slurred speech

13. fatigue

14. numbness of lips/tongue

15. confusion

16. convulsion/coma

what is the BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL associated with INSULIN SHOCK

<70 mg/dL