Behaviorism, Cognitive Development, and Evolutionary Theory in Human Development

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These flashcards cover key concepts in Behaviorism, Cognitive Development, and Evolutionary Theory as discussed in the lecture notes on Human Development.

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10 Terms

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Behaviorism

A psychological approach that emphasizes observable behaviors over internal mental states, positing that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning processes.

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Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

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Operant Conditioning

A type of learning where behaviors are modified through reinforcement or punishment.

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Social Learning Theory

Bandura's theory that posits individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others without direct reinforcement.

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Cognitive Development

The process by which children's thinking and reasoning evolve through distinct stages characterized by different cognitive abilities.

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Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development

Stages proposed by Jean Piaget that describe how children's cognitive abilities develop from sensorimotor to formal operational stages.

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Assimilation

The process of integrating new information into existing cognitive schemas.

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Accommodation

The modification of existing cognitive schemas when new information cannot fit.

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Natural Selection

The evolutionary principle stating that traits enhancing survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations.

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Adaptation

Changes in an organism’s physical or behavioral traits to better suit environmental demands.