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These flashcards cover key concepts in Behaviorism, Cognitive Development, and Evolutionary Theory as discussed in the lecture notes on Human Development.
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Behaviorism
A psychological approach that emphasizes observable behaviors over internal mental states, positing that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning processes.
Classical Conditioning
A learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
Operant Conditioning
A type of learning where behaviors are modified through reinforcement or punishment.
Social Learning Theory
Bandura's theory that posits individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others without direct reinforcement.
Cognitive Development
The process by which children's thinking and reasoning evolve through distinct stages characterized by different cognitive abilities.
Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development
Stages proposed by Jean Piaget that describe how children's cognitive abilities develop from sensorimotor to formal operational stages.
Assimilation
The process of integrating new information into existing cognitive schemas.
Accommodation
The modification of existing cognitive schemas when new information cannot fit.
Natural Selection
The evolutionary principle stating that traits enhancing survival and reproduction are more likely to be passed on to future generations.
Adaptation
Changes in an organism’s physical or behavioral traits to better suit environmental demands.