Understanding Mental Disorders and Sociological Perspectives

Mental Disorder

Significant deviation from societal behavior norms.

Psychiatric Finding

Generalized impairment in social functioning assessment.

Sociological Concepts

Norms, roles, and status defining behavior.

Spitzer and Wilson define mental disorder

Psychological condition altering behavior and physiological functioning.

Subjective Stress

Personal distress associated with mental disorders.

Social Functioning

Ability to interact appropriately in society.

Treatment Response

Distinct conditions that can be effectively treated.

Sympathetic Magic

Effects between distant things via secret relationships.

Contagious Magic

Continued relationship of things once in contact.

Hospital General

Seventeenth-century network of institutions in Europe.

Germ Theory

Each disease has a specific pathogenic cause.

Biomedical Mode

Treatment approach focused on biological factors.

Sigmund Freud

Human behavior influenced by unconscious motivations.

Therapeutic Community

Social environment as a resource for treatment.

Mental Health Programs

Goals to integrate treatment within community settings.

Behavioral Change

Alterations in actions due to psychological conditions.

Physiological Functioning

Body processes affected by psychological conditions.

Conflict in Psychology

Internal struggles influencing mental health outcomes.

Community Mental Health Centers

Local centers aimed at improving mental health services.

Community Mental Health Worker

Professional aiding lower-class individuals in mental health.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Standard classification system for mental disorders.

DSM-3

Introduced objective classification based on clinical data.

DSM-4 R

Requires five out of nine symptoms for diagnosis.

DSM-5

Consensus classification of mental disorders in psychiatry.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders affecting cognitive and developmental functioning.

Schizophrenia

Disturbance in mood, thinking, and behavior.

Bipolar Disorders

Characterized by manic and depressive episodes.

Anxiety Disorders

Conditions involving excessive fear and anxiety.

Separation Anxiety

Fear of separation from home or loved ones.

Panic Disorder

Recurrent panic attacks causing intense anxiety.

Specific Phobia

Irrational fear of specific objects or situations.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Excessive fear of social interactions.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Chronic worry not resembling other anxiety disorders.

Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety from drug abuse effects.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Repetitive thoughts and irrational behaviors.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Excessive social involvement with strangers in children.

Dissociative Disorders

Temporary loss of consciousness and identity.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Impaired cognitive function due to medical conditions.

Personality Disorder

Abnormal behavior affecting social situations.

Paraphilic Disorders

Sexual arousal from nonhuman objects or humiliation.

Medical Model

Views mental disorders as diseases treatable medically.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Shock therapy releasing norepinephrine for depression.

Behavior Genetics

Studies genetic factors in mental disorder transmission.

Psychosurgery

Surgical mutilation of the frontal lobe.

Psychoanalytic model

Focuses on internal factors affecting mental health.

Psychoanalysis

Therapist-patient relationship using free association.

Psychoanalytic therapy

Focuses on current conflicts, not historical issues.

Behavior modification

Learning and unlearning socially appropriate behaviors.

Symptom desensitization

Approaching feared situations without anxiety.

Positive reinforcement

Rewarding desired behavior to encourage repetition.

Aversive conditioning

Using punishment to reduce unwanted behaviors.

Extinction

Eliminating a stimulus to reduce behavior.

Conditioned avoidance

Pairing shocks with stimuli to prevent behavior.

Contingency contracting

Agreement to engage in behavior for mutual response.

Social Stress Model

Links mental disorders with social stress factors.

Stress

Heightened reaction to inadequate behavioral responses.

Stressors

Conditions that challenge an individual's adaptive capacity.

Moderators

Coping abilities and social support sources.

Outcomes

Extent of distress experienced by an individual.

Extreme situations

Natural disasters as triggers for stress research.

Life events research

Studies accumulation of life events causing stress.

Antipsychiatric model

Rejects mental disorder as a legitimate illness.

Egoistic suicide

Detachment from society leading to isolation.

Anomic suicide

Loss of societal norms causing emotional overstimulation.

Altruistic suicide

Self-sacrifice for the perceived benefit of others.

Fatalistic suicide

Excessive regulation leading to loss of control.

Altruistic suicide

Suicide to escape societal demands and dishonor.

Fatalistic suicide

Suicide due to hopelessness in one's situation.

Structural forms of analysis

Examines societal processes affecting individual groups.

Agency

Individuals evaluate circumstances and choose behaviors.

Symbolic interaction

Behavior shaped by shared meanings in social interactions.

Nonsymbolic interaction

Automatic responses to stimuli without thought.

Symbolic interaction

Interpretation of actions based on shared meanings.

Joint acts

Group behaviors providing stability in social situations.

Labeling theory

Deviance viewed through societal labels and stigma.

Goffman's stigma types

Categories of stigma: body, character, tribal.

Disabilities Act

Protects against discrimination for mental health conditions.

Public humiliation

Negative social reactions to mental illness disclosures.

Selective disclosure

Careful sharing of mental health issues with others.

Cultural stereotypes

Social beliefs that stigmatize mental illness.

Max Weber's stratification

Exclusion dynamics underpin all social stratification.

Stigmatizing labels

Used to justify exclusion and stratification.

Mental illness prevalence

1 in 4 people experience mental illness.

Disorder experience

10% of people face some mental disorder.

Adult disorder rates

18-54 age group shows high disorder prevalence.

Social causes of mental health

Social processes impact mental health challenges.

Consequences of mental disorder

Includes suicide, divorce, and substance abuse.

Social relationships impact

Problematic relationships contribute to mental health issues.

Abnormal behavior

Behavior deviating from societal norms and expectations.

Normative behavior

Behaviors considered normal within a specific culture.

Sociology of mental illness

Study of mental illness within a sociological framework.

Mental disorder

Psychological condition altering behavior and functioning.

DSM 5

Current diagnostic manual for mental disorders.

Diagnostic codes

Codes used for diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

Medical model

Conceptualizes mental illness as a treatable disease.

Psychopharmacology

Use of medications to treat mental disorders.

Electroshock therapy

Medical treatment using electrical stimulation to alleviate symptoms.

Psychoanalysis

Therapeutic method focusing on unconscious processes.

Behavior Modification model

Technique to unlearn negative behaviors through reinforcement.

Social Stress Model

Explains mental illness through social demands and coping.