PET3322L Lab 2

skeletal system

provide structure, produce red and some white blood cells, store minerals

maxilla

upper jaw

mandible

lower jaw

sagittal suture

separates parietal bone, parietal plane

vertebral column

supports weight of head and trunk, protects the spinal cord, allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord, provides site for muscle attachment, permits movement of head and trunk

cervical

7 vertebrae

thoracic

12 vertebrae

lumbar

5 vertebrae

sacrum

1 bone

coccyx

1 bone

C1

atlas

C2

axis

manubrium

articulates with first rib and clavicle

sternal angle

point where manubrium joins body, second rib articulates here

xiphoid process

inferior tip

true ribs

ribs 1-7

false ribs

ribs 8-12

floating ribs

ribs 11-12

girdles

pectoral or shoulder, pelvic (hips)

upper limbs

arm, forearm, wrist, hand

lower limbs

thigh, leg, foot

clavicle

collarbone

scapula

shoulder blade

humerus

upper arm

radius

forearm bone on the thumb side

ulna

forearm bone on the pinky side

carpals

make up the wrist

phalanges

fingers

metacarpals

make up hands

femur

thigh bone

patella

kneecap

tibia

larger, shin bone, more anterior/medial

fibula

more lateral

tarsals

ankle bones

metatarsals

foot bones

phalanges

digits of the toes

ilium

blade portion of the pelvis

ischium

posterior side of pelvis

pubis

where halves of pelvis meet

thoracic cage

ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae

long bones

longer than wide, don't have to be large

short bones

roughly equal in length and width, square/block

flat bones

thin sheet of compact bone, not round

sesamoid bones

bones between tendons, "floating bones"

irregular bones

does not fit into other categories, vertebra, pelvis, etc

diaphysis

shaft (cortical), mostly made of compact bone, dense, heavy, strong

epiphysis

end of the bone (travecular), spongy bone- air pockets, a lot lighter and less strong. articular cartilage- covers what will be part of joint

epiphyseal plate

separates epiphysis from shaft, plate in children, line in adults

medullary cavity

located in diaphysis, houses red and yellow bone marrow, blood cell production

periosteum

membrane that covers outside of bone. inner layer: bone cells. outer layer: blood vessels and nerves. fibers of tendon and ligaments become continuous with fibers of periosteum

tuberosity

large rounded projection; may be roughened

crest

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

trochanter

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only found on the femur)

line

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

tubercle

small rounded projection or process

epicondyle

raised area on or above a condyle

spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

process

bony prominence